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Polymer Modelling in Wall Ironing Simulations of a PET-Steel Laminate
J. Mulder,G.T. Nagy,P. ?u?tari?,T. ?u?tar,T. Rodi? 한국소성가공학회 2010 기타자료 Vol.2010 No.6
Steel laminates with a poly(ethylene terephthalate) coating can provide an environmental friendlier solution for packaging applications than current lacquered processes. One of the most challenging applications is the beer and beverage can where the PET layer is subjected to high temperatures (> 100°C), high strain rates (> 3000 1/s) and high hydrostatic pressure (> 500 MPa) in the wall ironing process. Specific issues to be solved are polymer hairs in the process and scuffing or scraping of the coating. A realistic simulation of the wall ironing process is needed to understand the processing conditions that influence these phenomena. The Arruda-Boyce model proved to be a good constitutive model for PET in the as supplied state as well as the deformed state of the coating. An improvement can be made by a full thermomechanical coupling of strain rate, temperature and pressure. The major factor of influence in the wall ironing process is the entry angle of the ironing die. To overcome issues with the required small entry angle and high expansion forces in the die a special die profile has been patented.