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Kishore, G.Krishna,Pande, S.,Manjula, K.,Rao, J.Narayana,Thomas, D. The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2002 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.18 No.4
Andhra Pradesh is one of the major groundnut growing states in India. A total of 182 groundnut samples collected at harvesting from farmers fields in five districts, namely; Anantapur, Chittoor, Cuddapah, Kurnool, and Mahaboobnagar, during 1999 and 2000 rainy seasons were evaluated for the presence of mycotoxins (both aflatoxins and zearalenone) and toxigenic fungi. In samples collected from each district, average seed infection by Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium spp. was 11.9-18.3% and 5.6-12.8% in 1999, and 9.5-14.1% and 9.4-11.9% in 2000, respectively. Among the samples collected, 20.3% and 16.5% were contaminated with aflatoxin in 1999 and 2000, respectively, and in 11.4% and 8.7% of the seed samples collected in two seasons, the aflatoxin content was >30 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg. An alarming aflatoxin content of 851.9$\mu\textrm{g}$/kg was found in samples collected from Anantapur district during the rainy season in 1999. Zearalenone was not detected in any of the samples collected in 1999, while 2 out of 103 samples collected in 2000 were contaminated with 35.1 and 129.4$\mu\textrm{g}$/kg. Under in vitro cultural conditions, 35.8% of the 173 A. flavus isolates collected from the groundnut samples produced aflatoxins at concentrations of 94.3-1598.6 ng/$\textrm{m}{\ell}$ and 3% of the 266 Fusarium spp. isolates produced 98.1-847.3 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g of zearalenone. The results emphasize the need for a more systematic and regular monitoring of pre-harvest aflatoxin contamination.
Survey of Group Key Management Techniques in MANET
G.Narayana,M.Akkalakshmi,A.Damodaram 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Future Generation Communi Vol.9 No.11
Group key management (GKM) technique is employed for ensuring security and integrity in Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANET). It is the fundamental component of secure group communication systems. It involves distribution, updation and revocation of group keys. GKM can be carried out through many approaches. Existing studies on GKM techniques in MANET did not provide detailed analysis. This survey presents various GKM techniques for MANETs. The existing GKM techniques are classified into three categories namely centralized, distributed and hierarchical. Each of these techniques are explained with their advantages and disadvantages.
Control of Late Leaf Spot of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) by Extracts from Non-Host Plant Species
Kishore, G.Krishna,Pande, S.,Rao, J.Narayana The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2001 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.17 No.5
The effects of leaf extracts of 14 different non-host plant species on in vitro conidial germination of Phaeoisariopsis personata, the causal organism of late leaf spot(LLS) of groundnut were evaluated. Aqueous and ethanol leaf extracts of Datura metel, Lawsonia inermis and aqueous leaf extracts of Sphaeranthus indicus at 25%(w/v) concentration completely inhibited the conidial germination of P. personata both at 24h and 48h after incubation. Aqueous leaf extracts of Blumea bifoliata, Eucalyptus globules, Ocimum sanctum and Pongamia pinnata, and ethanol leaf extracts of Azadirachta indica and S. indicus inhibited the conidial germination by >90%. Aqueous and ethanol leaf extract of L. inermis and S. indicus were highly inhibitory to conidial germination up to 1% concentration. Aqueous and ethanol leaf extracts of D. metel and ethanol leaf extract of A. indica were highly inhibitory to P. personata even at 0.01% (100 ppm) concentration. Ethanol leaf extract of A. indica up to $80^{\circ}$, aqueous leaf extracts of D. metel and S. indicus up to $100^{\circ}$, and L. inermis up to $60^{\circ}$, were highly stable and retained their fungitoxic effects. Extract of D. metel was antifungal even after 180 days when it was stored both at room temperature and $4^{\circ}$. Aqueous leaf extract of D. metel at 2% concentration effectively reduced the development of LLS by >60%, under greenhouse conditions both in prophylactic and simultaneous applications. Extracts of D. metel could be a potential economical and an eco-frendly alternative for control of late leaf spot, and its efficacy under field conditions is further being evaluated.
A Facile and TGA Free Hydrothermal Synthesis of SnS Nanoparticles
Y. P. Venkata Subbaiah,Narayana Thota,M. Raghavender,Y. P. Venkata Subbaiah,G. Hema Chandra,K.T. Ramakrishna Reddy 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2017 NANO Vol.12 No.10
"In this paper, we employed a simple and cost-effective thioglycolic acid (TGA) free hydrothermal method, based on thiourea hydrolysis of stannous chloride dihydrate [SnCl2 · 2H2O] at 160 ℃ – 190 ℃ for 6 h, for the synthesis of SnS nanoparticles. The effect of hydrothermal autoclave reaction temperature on various properties of SnS nanoparticles have been examined at length using X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field-emission scanning electron microscopy attached with EDAX (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. The results suggest that the crystallization of orthorhombic SnS nanoparticles, with size varying from 3 nm to 5 nm, formed at RT = 160 ℃. Further, the formation of SnS phase was confirmed by an IR Sn-S characteristic bands around 2350 cm -1, 1041 cm -1 and 570 cm -1, and four distinguished Raman peaks at 95 cm -1, 160 cm -1, 189 cm -1 and 220 cm -1. The mechanism for the formation of SnS nanoparticles have been proposed and discussed. The SnS nanoparticles have exhibited reaction temperature dependent morphological features like nanoflowers, nanoflakes, spherical nanoparticles and nanogranules. The absorbance studies indicated both strong direct and weak indirect allowed transitions for SnS nanoparticles and the associated band gaps were found to be 1.5 eV and 1.19 eV, respectively. The dual band gap combination of SnS would favor strong direct absorption of carriers and improved minority carrier life time due to indirect nature, which means the grown particles are suitable for ideal absorber material for solar cell applications. "
Shim, J.,Venkata Reddy, Ch.,Sarma, G.V.S.S.,Narayana Murthy, P.,Ravikumar, R.V.S.S.N. Pergamon 2015 Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomole Vol.142 No.-
A simple co-precipitation method has been used for the synthesis of Co<SUP>2+</SUP> and Ni<SUP>2+</SUP>-doped zinc borate nanopowders. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), UV/Vis absorption, Scanning electron microscope (SEM) with EDS and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopies techniques has been employed for their characterization. Powder X-ray diffraction data reveals that the crystal structure belongs to monoclinic for both as-prepared samples. SEM images showed surface morphology of the prepared samples. Optical absorption spectra showed the characteristic bands of doped ions in octahedral site symmetry. From the optical absorption data crystal field and inter-electronic repulsion parameters are evaluated. The FT-IR spectra showed the characteristic vibrational bands related to ZnO, BO<SUB>3</SUB> and BO<SUB>4</SUB> molecules. Photoluminescence spectra exhibited the emission bands in ultraviolet and blue regions.
700-nm Zwitterionic Near-Infrared Fluorophores for Dual-Channel Image-Guided Surgery
Hyun, H.,Henary, M.,Gao, T.,Narayana, L.,Owens, E. A.,Lee, J. H.,Park, G.,Wada, H.,Ashitate, Y.,Frangioni, J. V. Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam. 2016 Molecular imaging and biology Vol.18 No.1
<P>Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a family of 700-nm zwitterionic pentamethine indocyanine near-infrared fluorophores that would permit dual-channel image-guided surgery. Procedures: Three complementary synthetic schemes were used to produce novel zwitterionic chemical structures. Physicochemical, optical, biodistribution, and clearance properties were compared to Cy5.5, a conventional pentamethine indocyanine now used for biomedical imaging. Results: ZW700-1a, ZW700-1b, and ZW700-1c were synthesized, purified, and analyzed extensively in vitro and in vivo. All molecules had extinction coefficients >= 199,000 M-1 cm(-1), emission >= 660 nm, and stability >= 99 % after 24 h in warm serum. In mice, rats, and pigs, >= 80 % of the injected dose was completely eliminated from the body via renal clearance within 4 h. Either alone or conjugated to a tumor targeting ligand, ZW700-1a permitted dual-channel, high SBR, and simultaneous imaging with 800-nm NIR fluorophores using the FLARE (R) imaging system. Conclusions: Novel 700-nm zwitterionic NIR fluorophores enable dual-NIR image-guided surgery.</P>