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      • Mucosal vaccination of conserved sM2, HA2 and cholera toxin subunit A1 (CTA1) fusion protein with poly gamma-glutamate/chitosan nanoparticles (PC NPs) induces protection against divergent influenza subtypes

        Chowdhury, Mohammed Y.E.,Kim, Tae-Hwan,Uddin, Md Bashir,Kim, Jae-Hoon,Hewawaduge, C.Y.,Ferdowshi, Zannatul,Sung, Moon-Hee,Kim, Chul-Joong,Lee, Jong-Soo Elsevier 2017 Veterinary microbiology Vol.201 No.-

        <P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>To develop a safe and effective mucosal vaccine that broad cross protection against seasonal or emerging influenza A viruses, we generated a mucosal influenza vaccine system combining the highly conserved matrix protein-2 (sM2), fusion peptide of hemagglutinin (HA<SUB>2</SUB>), the well-known mucosal adjuvant cholera toxin subunit A1 (CTA1) and poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA)-chitosan nanoparticles (PC NPs), which are safe, natural materials that are able to target the mucosal membrane as a mucosal adjuvant. The mucosal administration of sM2HA2CTA1/PC NPs could induce a high degree of systemic immunity (IgG and IgA) at the site of inoculation as well as at remote locations and also significantly increase the levels of sM2- or HA2-specific cell-mediated immune response. In challenge tests in BALB/c mice with 10 MLD<SUB>50</SUB> of A/EM/Korea/W149/06(H5N1), A/Puerto Rico/8/34(H1N1), A/Aquatic bird/Korea/W81/2005(H5N2), A/Aquatic bird/Korea/W44/2005 (H7N3) or A/Chicken/Korea/116/2004(H9N2) viruses, the recombinant sM2HA2CTA1/PC NPs provided cross protection against divergent lethal influenza subtypes and also the protection was maintained up to six months after vaccination. Thus, sM2HA2CTA1/PC NPs could be a promising strategy for a universal influenza vaccine.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Construction of poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA)-chitosan nanoparticles (PC NPs) containing conserved antigens of Influenza virus and mucosal adjuvant cholera toxin subunit A1 (CTA1) as a safe and effective mucosal vaccine against emerging influenza A viruses. </LI> <LI> The mucosal administration of sM2HA2CTA1/PC NPs could induce a high degree of systemic, mucosal and cell-mediated immune response. </LI> <LI> Induced immune responses could protect mice against 10MLD<SUB>50</SUB> of divergent influenza subtypes. </LI> <LI> The immune response and efficacy of protection was maintained up to six months after final inoculation. </LI> </UL> </P>

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