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1
Migration in propinquity with development: a spatial analysis of Kashmir Valley, India

Peer Jeelani,Farzana Ahad,Shamim Ahmad Shah,Huma Rashid,Nazia Bano 대한공간정보학회 2023 Spatial Information Research Vol.31 No.4
Migration is the primary demographic process that shapes where people live and plays an essential role in how humans have changed over time. People migrate for various reasons, but the predicted economic disparity between industrialized and developing regions is a powerful motivator for people to relocate. As a result, migration has an impact on development, and development also affects migration. Because of the vast differences in development among India's regions, the future of population dynamics will rely more on migration than fertility and mortality processes. The present paper analyzes the spatial patterns of internal migration, variations in the level of development, and the propinquity between the two. Secondary data were used from the census of India, government reports, and research publications. Data were analysed using Karl Pearson's correlation coefficient and a t-test to test the observed correlation's significance. The results revealed a high positive correlation between internal migration and levels of development (r = 0.791). Out of thirty-three development variables, only sixteen have a higher significant relationship with internal migration, which mainly determines population characteristics, education facilities, employment opportunities, and infrastructural facilities.
2
Improvement of Bolton broth by supplementation with tazobactam for the isolation of Campylobacter from chicken rinses

Chon, Jung-Whan,Kim, Young-Ji,Rashid, Farzana,Sung, Kidon,Khan, Saeed,Kim, Hyunsook,Seo, Kun-Ho Poultry Science Association Inc. 2018 Poultry science Vol.97 No.1
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<P>Overgrowth of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli (E. coli) on Campylobacter media prevents the latter's selective isolation, thereby making the improvement of Campylobacter-selective media necessary. We evaluated tazobactam (an ESBL inhibitor) to supplement Bolton enrichment broth (Tz-Bolton broth) for the selective isolation of Campylobacter in chicken carcass rinses. First, using 20 strains of ESBL-producing E. coli and 13 Campylobacter strains, we found 4 mu g/mL of tazobactam to be optimal for inhibiting the ESBL-producing E. coli while allowing the growth of all tested Campylobacter strains. Next, 80 whole chicken carcasses were rinsed with buffered peptone water (BPW), and 25 mL of BPW rinse was mixed with 2 x blood-free Bolton broth (25 mL) with or without tazobactam followed by incubation at 42 degrees C for 48 h under microaerobic conditions. A loopful of the incubated broth was inoculated on modified charcoal-cefoperazone-deoxycholate agar (mCCDA) and microaerobically incubated at 42 degrees C for 48 h. The tazobactam supplemented Bolton broth showed a higher Campylobacter isolation rate (38.8%, p < 0.05) than normal Bolton broth (15%). Moreover, the number of mCCDA plates with non-Campylobacter was much lower (p < 0.05) after enrichment in Tz-Bolton broth (0%) than in the normal Bolton broth (80%), suggesting that selectivity of the modified broth was superior to normal Bolton broth.</P>
3
Review on metallic nanoparticles induced toxicity on renal function and overall health of kidneys

Ammara Waris,Saima Sharif,Shagufta Naz,Farkhanda Manzoor,Farzana Rashid,Sobia Tabassum,Farrukh Jamil,Murid Hussain,Yong Jun Choi,Young-Kwon Park 대한환경공학회 2024 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.29 No.4
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Recently, innovative developments have been made in the rapidly developing field of nanotechnology. However, toxicity due to long-term exposure to various types of metal-based nanoparticles, especially metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, is gradually increasing. The kidney is prone to toxin-induced impairment because it is one of the main organs for eliminating multiple potentially dangerous substances, including nanoparticles (NPs), from mammals. However, the mechanisms underlying cytotoxicity triggered by various NPs have not yet been reported. This review summarizes the various mechanisms involved in metal-based nanoparticle-induced nephrotoxicity, focusing on Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production, which leads to oxidative stress and apoptosis. The mechanisms by which metal-based NPs cause serious side effects in the renal system and the specific toxicity of different types of metal NPs are also summarized.