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Evans, U. R.,Taylor, C. A. J.,장현구 한국부식학회 1972 Corrosion Science and Technology Vol.1 No.1
The present paper describes a research on Atmospheric Rusting, which has been in progress for 5 years in the Department of Metallurgy at Cambridge University. The discussion is designed to present the connection between the electrochemical mechanism of atmospheric corrosion with that of corrosion un her immersed conditions.
Holographic Nambu-Jona-Lasinio interactions
Evans, Nick,Kim, Keun-Young American Physical Society 2016 Physical review. D Vol.93 No.6
<P>Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (NJL) interactions are introduced into the D3/probe D7 system using Witten's double trace operator prescription which includes the operator as a classical term in the effective potential. In the supersymmetric system the interactions do not induce chiral symmetry breaking, which we attribute to the flat effective potential with quark mass in the supersymmetric theory. If additional supersymmetry breaking is introduced, then standard NJL behavior is realized. In examples where chiral symmetry breaking is not preferred, such as with a B field plus an IR cutoff, chiral condensation is triggered by the NJL interaction at a second-order transition after a finite critical coupling. If the model already contains chiral symmetry breaking, for example in the B field case with no IR cutoff, then the NJL interaction enhances the quark mass at all values of the NJL coupling. We also consider the system at finite temperature: the temperature discourages condensation, but when combined with a magnetic field, we find regions of parameter space where the NJL interaction triggers a first-order chiral transition above a critical coupling.</P>
( Evans Atuti Atera ),( Kazuyuki Itoh ),( Tetsushi Azuma ),( Takashige Ishii ) 한국잡초학회 2012 Weed Biology and Management Vol.12 No.1
Witchweed, Striga hermonthica (hereafter, referred to as "Striga"), is a major biotic constraint to cereal production in sub-Saharan Africa.The parasitic plant is a socioeconomic problem that has forced some resource-poor farmers to abandon their farms due to high infestation. This study was designed in order to elucidate farmers` perceptions of Striga control measures and to determine their potential adoption in two villages in western Kenya. Participatory rural appraisals and individual interviews were conducted in 2009 and 2010 in a sample of 128 and 120 households in Kaura and Kogweno-Oriang villages in Homabay and Rachuonyo districts, respectively. The results revealed that crop production was the main occupation in most households.The farmers identified Striga as one of the major constraints to maize, sorghum, and finger millet production. According to the farmers, the most popular control measures were hand-pulling, crop rotation, and intercropping, even though rotational systems might need a longer timeframe to reduce the soil seed bank of Striga.Although the level of Striga infestation and damage were increasing in the farmers` fields, the adoption of the control options was limited.The reason for the low adoption level of the control methods by the farmers is because they are "too risky" as there is no guarantee of a direct pay-off in increased crop yield. Farmer-led evaluation and adaptation of the various Striga control technologies in real-life situations will facilitate the choice of appropriate options and facilitate their uptake.
Methoxy Formation Induced Defects on MoS<sub>2</sub>
Evans, Prescott E.,Jeong, Hae Kyung,Hooshmand, Zahra,Le, Duy,Rawal, Takat B.,Naghibi Alvillar, Sahar,Bartels, Ludwig,Rahman, Talat S.,Dowben, Peter A. American Chemical Society 2018 The Journal of Physical Chemistry Part C Vol.122 No.18
<P>We find that exposure of the MoS<SUB>2</SUB> basal plane to methanol leads to the formation of adsorbed methoxy and coincides with sulfur vacancy generation. The conversion of methanol to methoxy on MoS<SUB>2</SUB> is temperature dependent. Density functional theory simulations and experiment indicate that the methoxy moieties are bound to molybdenum, not sulfur, while some adsorbed methanol is readily desorbed near or slightly above room temperature. Our calculations also suggest that the dissociation of methanol via O-H bond scission occurs at the defect site (sulfur vacancy), followed subsequently by formation of a weakly bound H<SUB>2</SUB>S species that promptly desorbs from the surface with creation of new sulfur vacancy. Photoluminescence and scanning tunneling microscopy show clear evidence of the sulfur vacancy creation on the MoS<SUB>2</SUB> surface, after exposure to methanol.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>
Evans, D. F.,Southworth, J.,Smalley, B.,Jørgensen, U. G.,Dominik, M.,Andersen, M. I.,Bozza, V.,Bramich, D. M.,Burgdorf, M. J.,Ciceri, S.,D’Ago, G.,Figuera Jaimes, R.,Gu, S.-H.,Hinse, T. C.,Henning, Th Springer-Verlag 2018 Astronomy and astrophysics Vol.610 No.-
<P><I>Context.</I> The formation and dynamical history of hot Jupiters is currently debated, with wide stellar binaries having been suggested as a potential formation pathway. Additionally, contaminating light from both binary companions and unassociated stars can significantly bias the results of planet characterisation studies, but can be corrected for if the properties of the contaminating star are known.</P><P><I>Aim.</I> We search for binary companions to known transiting exoplanet host stars, in order to determine the multiplicity properties of hot Jupiter host stars. We also search for and characterise unassociated stars along the line of sight, allowing photometric and spectroscopic observations of the planetary system to be corrected for contaminating light.</P><P><I>Methods.</I> We analyse lucky imaging observations of 97 Southern hemisphere exoplanet host stars, using the Two Colour Instrument on the Danish 1.54 m telescope. For each detected companion star, we determine flux ratios relative to the planet host star in two passbands, and measure the relative position of the companion. The probability of each companion being physically associated was determined using our two-colour photometry.</P><P><I>Results.</I> A catalogue of close companion stars is presented, including flux ratios, position measurements, and estimated companion star temperature. For companions that are potential binary companions, we review archival and catalogue data for further evidence. For WASP-77AB and WASP-85AB, we combine our data with historical measurements to determine the binary orbits, showing them to be moderately eccentric and inclined to the line of sight (and hence planetary orbital axis). Combining our survey with the similar Friends of Hot Jupiters survey, we conclude that known hot Jupiter host stars show a deficit of high mass stellar companions compared to the field star population; however, this may be a result of the biases in detection and target selection by ground-based surveys.</P>
Low-scale D -term inflation and the relaxion mechanism
Evans, Jason L.,Gherghetta, Tony,Nagata, Natsumi,Peloso, Marco American Physical Society 2017 Physical Review D Vol.95 No.11
<P>We present a dynamical cosmological solution that simultaneously accounts for the early inflationary stage of the Universe and solves the supersymmetric little hierarchy problem via the relaxion mechanism. First, we consider an inflationary potential arising from the D term of a new U(1) gauge symmetry with a Fayet-Iliopolous term that is independent of the relaxion. A technically natural, small U(1) gauge coupling, g less than or similar to 10(-8), allows for a low Hubble scale of inflation, H-I less than or similar to 10(5) GeV, which is shown to be consistent with Planck data. This feature is then used to realize a supersymmetric two-field relaxion mechanism, where the second field is identified as the inflaton provided that H-I less than or similar to 10(5) GeV. The inflaton controls the relaxion barrier height allowing the relaxion to evolve in the early Universe and scan the supersymmetric soft masses. After electroweak symmetry is broken, the relaxion settles at a local supersymmetry-breaking minimum with a range of F-term values that can naturally explain supersymmetric soft mass scales up to 10(6) GeV.</P>