http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Finner, Kyle,Jee, M. James,Golovich, Nathan,Wittman, David,Dawson, William,Gruen, Daniel,Koekemoer, Anton M.,Lemaux, Brian C.,Seitz, Stella American Astronomical Society 2017 The Astrophysical journal Vol.851 No.1
<P>The second most significant detection of the Planck Sunyaev-Zel'dovich survey, PLCK G287.0+32.9 (z = 0.385), boasts two similarly bright radio relics and a radio halo. One radio relic is located similar to 400 kpc NW of the X-ray peak and the other similar to 2.8 Mpc to the SE. This large difference suggests that a complex merging scenario is required. A key missing puzzle for the merging scenario reconstruction is the underlying dark matter distribution in high resolution. We present a joint Subaru Telescope and Hubble Space Telescope weak-lensing analysis of the cluster. Our analysis shows that the mass distribution features four significant substructures. Of the substructures, a primary cluster of mass M-200c = 1.59(-0.22)(+0.25) x 10(15) h(70)(-1) M-circle dot dominates the weak-lensing signal. This cluster is likely to be undergoing a merger with one (or more) subcluster whose mass is approximately a factor of 10 lower. One candidate is the subcluster of mass M-200c = 1.16(-0.13)(+0.15) x 10(14) h(70)(-1) M-circle dot located similar to 400 kpc to the SE. The location of this subcluster suggests that its interaction with the primary cluster could be the source of the NW radio relic. Another subcluster is detected similar to 2 Mpc to the SE of the X-ray peak with mass M-200c =1.68(-0.20)(+0.22) x 10(14) h(70)(-1) M-circle dot. This SE subcluster is in the vicinity of the SE radio relic and may have created the SE radio relic during a past merger with the primary cluster. The fourth subcluster, M-200c = 1.87(-0.22)(+0.24) x 10(14) h(70)(-1) M-circle dot, is NW of the X-ray peak and beyond the NW radio relic.</P>
Golovich, Nathan,Weeren, Reinout J. van,Dawson, William A.,Jee, M. James,Wittman, David American Astronomical Society 2017 The Astrophysical journal Vol.838 No.2
<P>We present and analyze a rich data set including Subaru/SuprimeCam, HST/Advanced Camera for Surveys and Wide Field Camera 3, Keck/DEIMOS, Chandra/ACIS-I, and JVLA/C and D array for the merging cluster of galaxies ZwCl 0008.8+ 5215. With a joint Subaru+ HST weak gravitational lensing analysis, we identify two dominant subclusters and estimate the masses to be M-200 = 5.8(-1.8)(+2.8) x 10(14) M-circle dot. We estimate the projected separation between the two subclusters to be 924(-206)(+243) kpc. We perform a clustering analysis of spectroscopically confirmed cluster member galaxies and estimate the line-of-sight velocity difference between the two subclusters to be 92 +/- 164 km s(-1). We further motivate, discuss, and analyze the merger scenario through an analysis of the 42 ks of Chandra/ACIS-I and JVLA/C and D array polarization data. The X-ray surface brightness profile reveals a merging gas-core reminiscent of the Bullet Cluster. The global X-ray luminosity in the 0.5-7.0 keV band is 1.7. +/- 0.1 x 10(44) erg s(-1) and the global X-ray temperature is 4.90 +/- 0.13 keV. The radio relics are polarized up to 40%,. and along with the masses, velocities, and positions of the two subclusters, we input these quantities into a Monte Carlo dynamical analysis and estimate the merger velocity at pericenter to be 1800(-300)(+400) km s(-1). This is a lower-mass version of the Bullet Cluster and therefore may prove useful in testing alternative models of dark matter (DM). We do not find significant offsets between DM and galaxies, but the uncertainties are large with the current lensing data. Furthermore, in the east, the BCG is offset from other luminous cluster galaxies, which poses a puzzle for defining DM-galaxy offsets.</P>
실행 요약: 당뇨병의 진단과 관리에서 검사실적 분석에 대한 지침과 권고안
David B. Sacks,Mark Arnold,George L. Bakris,David E. Bruns,Andrea Rita Horvath,M. Sue Kirkman,Ake Lernmark,Boyd E. Metzger,David M. Nathan 대한진단검사의학회 2011 Laboratory Medicine Online Vol.1 No.4
Background: Multiple laboratory tests are used in the diagnosis and management of patients with diabetes mellitus. The quality of the scientific evidence supporting the use of these assays varies substantially. Approach: An expert committee compiled evidencebased recommendations for the use of laboratory analysis in patients with diabetes. A new system was developed to grade the overall quality of the evidence and the strength of the recommendations. A draft of the guidelines was posted on the Internet, and the document was modified in response to comments. The guidelines were reviewed by the joint Evidence-Based Laboratory Medicine Committee of the AACC and the National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry and were accepted after revisions by the Professional Practice Committee and subsequent approval by the Executive Committee of the American Diabetes Association. Content: In addition to the long-standing criteria based on measurement of venous plasma glucose, diabetes can be diagnosed by demonstrating increased hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) concentrations in the blood. Monitoring of glycemic control is performed by the patients measuring their own plasma or blood glucose with meters and by laboratory analysis of Hb A1c. The potential roles of noninvasive glucose monitoring, genetic testing,and measurement of autoantibodies, urine albumin, insulin, proinsulin, C-peptide, and other analytes are addressed. Summary: The guidelines provide specific recommendations based on published data or derived from expert consensus. Several analytes are found to have minimal clinical value at the present time, and measurement of them is not recommended.
DeBono Nathan L.,Daniels Robert D.,Beane Freeman Laura E.,Graber Judith M.,Hansen Johnni,Teras Lauren R.,Driscoll Tim,Kjaerheim Kristina,Demers Paul A.,Glass Deborah C.,Kriebel David,Kirkham Tracy L. 한국산업안전보건공단 산업안전보건연구원 2023 Safety and health at work Vol.14 No.2
Objective: We performed a meta-analysis of epidemiological results for the association between occupational exposure as a firefighter and cancer as part of the broader evidence synthesis work of the IARC Monographs program. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted to identify cohort studies of firefighters followed for cancer incidence and mortality. Studies were evaluated for the influence of key biases on results. Random-effects meta-analysis models were used to estimate the association between ever-employment and duration of employment as a firefighter and risk of 12 selected cancers. The impact of bias was explored in sensitivity analyses. Results: Among the 16 included cancer incidence studies, the estimated meta-rate ratio, 95% confidence interval (CI), and heterogeneity statistic (I2) for ever-employment as a career firefighter compared mostly to general populations were 1.58 (1.14–2.20, 8%) for mesothelioma, 1.16 (1.08–1.26, 0%) for bladder cancer, 1.21 (1.12–1.32, 81%) for prostate cancer, 1.37 (1.03–1.82, 56%) for testicular cancer, 1.19 (1.07–1.32, 37%) for colon cancer, 1.36 (1.15–1.62, 83%) for melanoma, 1.12 (1.01–1.25, 0%) for non-Hodgkin lymphoma, 1.28 (1.02–1.61, 40%) for thyroid cancer, and 1.09 (0.92–1.29, 55%) for kidney cancer. Ever-employment as a firefighter was not positively associated with lung, nervous system, or stomach cancer. Results for mesothelioma and bladder cancer exhibited low heterogeneity and were largely robust across sensitivity analyses. Conclusions: There is epidemiological evidence to support a causal relationship between occupational exposure as a firefighter and certain cancers. Challenges persist in the body of evidence related to the quality of exposure assessment, confounding, and medical surveillance bias.
Easterhoff, David,Moody, M. Anthony,Fera, Daniela,Cheng, Hao,Ackerman, Margaret,Wiehe, Kevin,Saunders, Kevin O.,Pollara, Justin,Vandergrift, Nathan,Parks, Rob,Kim, Jerome,Michael, Nelson L.,O’Connell, Public Library of Science 2017 PLoS pathogens Vol.13 No.2
<▼1><P>The canary pox vector and gp120 vaccine (ALVAC-HIV and AIDSVAX B/E gp120) in the RV144 HIV-1 vaccine trial conferred an estimated 31% vaccine efficacy. Although the vaccine Env AE.A244 gp120 is antigenic for the unmutated common ancestor of V1V2 broadly neutralizing antibody (bnAbs), no plasma bnAb activity was induced. The RV305 (NCT01435135) HIV-1 clinical trial was a placebo-controlled randomized double-blinded study that assessed the safety and efficacy of vaccine boosting on B cell repertoires. HIV-1-uninfected RV144 vaccine recipients were reimmunized 6–8 years later with AIDSVAX B/E gp120 alone, ALVAC-HIV alone, or a combination of ALVAC-HIV and AIDSVAX B/E gp120 in the RV305 trial. Env-specific post-RV144 and RV305 boost memory B cell V<SUB>H</SUB> mutation frequencies increased from 2.9% post-RV144 to 6.7% post-RV305. The vaccine was well tolerated with no adverse events reports. While post-boost plasma did not have bnAb activity, the vaccine boosts expanded a pool of envelope CD4 binding site (bs)-reactive memory B cells with long third heavy chain complementarity determining regions (HCDR3) whose germline precursors and affinity matured B cell clonal lineage members neutralized the HIV-1 CRF01 AE tier 2 (difficult to neutralize) primary isolate, CNE8. Electron microscopy of two of these antibodies bound with near-native gp140 trimers showed that they recognized an open conformation of the Env trimer. Although late boosting of RV144 vaccinees expanded a novel pool of neutralizing B cell clonal lineages, we hypothesize that boosts with stably closed trimers would be necessary to elicit antibodies with greater breadth of tier 2 HIV-1 strains.</P><P><B>Trial Registration:</B> ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01435135</P></▼1><▼2><P><B>Author summary</B></P><P>Developing a successful HIV-1 vaccine remains a high global health priority. Several HIV-1 vaccine trials have been performed with only the RV144 vaccine trial showing vaccine efficacy, albeit modest. No broadly neutralizing antibody activity was identified in RV144 and inducing sterilizing immunity against a complex pathogen like HIV-1 remains a major challenge. Here we characterize the B cell responses after RV144 vaccine-recipients received two additional boosts severals years after the conclusion of the RV144 vaccine trial. Delayed and repetitive boosting of RV144 vaccine-recipients was capable of increasing somatic hypermutation of the Env-reactive antibodies and expanding subdominant pools of neutralizing B cell clonal lineages. These data are pertinent to HIV-1 vaccine-regimen design.</P></▼2>
Park, Jong Hyuk,Nagpal, Prashant,McPeak, Kevin M.,Lindquist, Nathan C.,Oh, Sang-Hyun,Norris, David J. American Chemical Society 2013 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.5 No.19
<P/><P>The template-stripping method can yield smooth patterned films without surface contamination. However, the process is typically limited to coinage metals such as silver and gold because other materials cannot be readily stripped from silicon templates due to strong adhesion. Herein, we report a more general template-stripping method that is applicable to a larger variety of materials, including refractory metals, semiconductors, and oxides. To address the adhesion issue, we introduce a thin gold layer between the template and the deposited materials. After peeling off the combined film from the template, the gold layer can be selectively removed via wet etching to reveal a smooth patterned structure of the desired material. Further, we demonstrate template-stripped multilayer structures that have potential applications for photovoltaics and solar absorbers. An entire patterned device, which can include a transparent conductor, semiconductor absorber, and back contact, can be fabricated. Since our approach can also produce many copies of the patterned structure with high fidelity by reusing the template, a low-cost and high-throughput process in micro- and nanofabrication is provided that is useful for electronics, plasmonics, and nanophotonics.</P>
Wu, Yiyan,Zhao, Zhenglin,Yang, Yupeng,Yang, Xudong,Jang, Eun Young,Schilaty, Nathan D,Hedges, David M,Kim, Sang Chan,Cho, Il Je,Zhao, Rongjie Chinese Medical Assn 2014 Chinese medical journal : CMJ Vol.127 No.10
<P>We previously demonstrated that the aqueous extract of the Schizandra chinensis fruit (AESC) ameliorated Cd-induced depletion of monoamine neurotransmitters in the brain through antioxidant activity. In the present study, we investigated the effect of AESC on anxiety-like behavior and the levels of norepinephrine and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenylglycol (a metabolite of norepinephrine) in different brain regions during ethanol withdrawal in rats.</P>