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형이상학적 기원과 물리적 시작 : 창조의 무시간적(無時間的) 관점
폴 클라비에(Paul Clavier),김석신 신학과사상학회 2021 가톨릭 신학과 사상 Vol.- No.85
이 논문에서 우리는, 우주의 무경계성(boundlessness)이, 무엇이 우주를 존재하게 하는가에 대한 문제를, 차단하지 않는다는 견해를 옹호한다. 그리고 그 역(逆)추론 ‘경계가 창조를 수반한다’ 또한 기능하지 않는다. 먼저 우리는 ‘아무것도 무(無)에서 나오지 않는다’(Nothing comes out of nothing.)는 원리와 그 원리의 고대와 현대 유물론에서의 시간적 기여를 잠시 떠올려 보겠다. 우리는 그다음 고스티븐 호킹(Stephen Hawking)이 소위 ‘무경계 조건(no-boundary condition)’을 가정하여 창조를 물리치기 위해 했던 시도를 떠올린다. 우리는 마지막으로 창조의 전환적(transitional) 개념인, ‘무로부터 존재로 전환으로서의 창조’를 버리고, 창조의 관계적 개념으로 나아가야 한다고 제안한다. 우리는 조르주 르메트르(Georges Lemaître)가 빅뱅의 형이상학적 중립성을 어떻게 옹호하는지 설명한다. In this paper, we advocate the view that the boundlessness of the universe does not preclude the issue as to what makes it exist. And that the converse inference ‘boundary entails creation’ does not work, either. First, we recall quickly the ‘nothing comes out of nothing’ principle and its temporal commitment in ancient and contemporary materialism. We then evoke the attempts made by the late Stephen Hawking in order to defeat creation, under the assumption of the so-called ‘no-boundary condition’. We finally suggest that we should abandon the transitional concept of creation (creation as a transformation of nothingness into being) and move to the relational concept of creation. We illustrate how Georges Lemaître advocates the metaphysical neutrality of BB.
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Kim, Yuna,Kim, Eunkyoung,Clavier, Gilles,Audebert, Pierre Royal Society of Chemistry 2006 Chemical communications Vol.2006 No.34
<P>A new electrofluorescent switch was prepared with an electroactive fluorescent tetrazine blend of polymer electrolyte; the cells contain four layers: the tetrazine polymer film, a photocured polymer electrolyte film, and two indium-tin oxide plates as the two contact electrodes.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>A new electrofluorescent switch was prepared with an electroactive fluorescent tetrazine blend of polymer electrolyte. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=b608312a'> </P>
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White Electrofluorescence Switching from Electrochemically Convertible Yellow Fluorescent Dyad
Seo, Seogjae,Kim, Yuna,Zhou, Qing,Clavier, Gilles,Audebert, Pierre,Kim, Eunkyoung WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2012 Advanced Functional Materials Vol.22 No.17
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>A fluorescent naphthalimide‐tetrazine dyad (NITZ) was examined for electrofluorochromism. The reversible electrochemistry of the tetrazine was accompanied by the fluorescence change through a quasi‐complete energy transfer in an electrochemical cell prepared by the mixture of polymer electrolyte and naphthalimide‐tetrazine dyad. Owing to the energy transfer within the dyad (naphthalimide and tetrazine), the fluorescence efficiency of NITZ was much enhanced and the effective fluorophore concentration in this system was much less than other tetrazine based electrofluorochromic device (EFD). Thus the yellow fluorescence of NITZ was switched on and off remarkably even with small quantity of NITZ (1 wt.%) in an EFD upon application of step potentials for different redox state. Furthermore, multi‐color fluorescence switching was achieved by blending a naphthalimide to the electrofluorochromic layer, to show white‐blue‐dark state of fluorescence. Since the tetrazine and naphthalimide units have their emission quenched at different potentials, the emission color could be tuned by quenching emission at selected wavelengths, reversibly, under low working potentials.</P>
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