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RISS 인기검색어
- 검색키워드
- 저자 : Cirrito, John R. (검색결과 2 건)
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Finan, G.M.,Realubit, R.,Chung, S.,Lutjohann, D.,Wang, N.,Cirrito, J.R.,Karan, C.,Kim, T.W. Elsevier 2016 Cell chemical biology Vol.23 No.12
<P>Pharmacological screening in physiologically relevant brain cells is crucial for identifying neuroactive compounds that better translate into in vivo biology and efficacious therapeutics. Pharmacological enhancement of apolipoprotein E (apoE), a cholesterol-transporting apolipoprotein, has been proposed as a promising therapeutic approach for Alzheimer's disease. Several nuclear receptor agonists were initially shown to increase brain apoE levels together with ATP-binding cassette transporter 1 (ABCA1), but their underlying mechanisms remain unclear. To gain an insight on brain apoE regulation, we performed an unbiased high-throughput screening of known drugs and bioactive compounds in cultured human primary astrocytes, the major apoE-producing cell type in the brain. We have identified several small molecules that increase apoE secretion via previously unknown mechanisms, including those not co-inducing ABCA1. These newly identified compounds are active preferentially in human astrocytes but not in an astrocytoma cell line, furnishing new tools for investigating biological pathways underlying brain apoE production.</P>
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Potential role of orexin and sleep modulation in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease
Roh, Jee Hoon,Jiang, Hong,Finn, Mary Beth,Stewart, Floy R.,Mahan, Thomas E.,Cirrito, John R.,Heda, Ashish,Snider, B. Joy,Li, Mingjie,Yanagisawa, Masashi,de Lecea, Luis,Holtzman, David M. The Rockefeller University Press 2014 The Journal of experimental medicine Vol.211 No.13
<P>Age-related aggregation of amyloid-β (Aβ) is an upstream pathological event in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis, and it disrupts the sleep–wake cycle. The amount of sleep declines with aging and to a greater extent in AD. Poor sleep quality and insufficient amounts of sleep have been noted in humans with preclinical evidence of AD. However, how the amount and quality of sleep affects Aβ aggregation is not yet well understood. Orexins (hypocretins) initiate and maintain wakefulness, and loss of orexin-producing neurons causes narcolepsy. We tried to determine whether orexin release or secondary changes in sleep via orexin modulation affect Aβ pathology. Amyloid precursor protein (APP)/Presenilin 1 (PS1) transgenic mice, in which the orexin gene is knocked out, showed a marked decrease in the amount of Aβ pathology in the brain with an increase in sleep time. Focal overexpression of orexin in the hippocampus in APP/PS1 mice did not alter the total amount of sleep/wakefulness and the amount of Aβ pathology. In contrast, sleep deprivation or increasing wakefulness by rescue of orexinergic neurons in APP/PS1 mice lacking orexin increased the amount of Aβ pathology in the brain. Collectively, modulation of orexin and its effects on sleep appear to modulate Aβ pathology in the brain.</P>
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