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Becoming a Lockean Individual as a Woman and Her Destined Failure, Roxana by Daniel Defoe
Choyeon Kim Ewha Institute fo English and American Studies 2016 Journal of English and American studies Vol.15 No.1
John Locke sets forth his concepts of property, individual, and the original contract in his Second Treatise of Government. Carole Pateman, in The Sexual Contract, asserts that the sexual contract constitutes the hidden counterpart of the original contract has been silenced in Lockean theory. Pateman makes the claim that the original contract between male and female in marriage institutes men’s freedom and women’s subjection. Mary Astell, in Reflections upon Marriage, contends that both sexes are equal before God but subjection is mandatory for the woman who enters into the matrimonial pact. The complex implications of these various arguments are closely examined in Daniel Defoe’s Roxana, the fortunate mistress, which offers a searing contemporary overview of the concepts of individuals, liberty, and property. Working from Pateman and Astell’s assertions, this paper aims to read Roxana by arguing that the freedom the female protagonist aspires to acquire is the freedom proclaimed for the Lockean concept of the individual. However, this paper also suggests that Roxana’s abject failure was destined since she entered the matrimonial contract. As an extension of Astell and Pateman’s argument, this paper tries to suggest how maternity becomes another bond hidden within the matrimonial pact. The wretched failure of the novel is in a sense predetermined because Roxana is constituted by a double sexual contract, wedlock and maternity.