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Efficacy of Different Seed Kernels against Root Knot Nematode Meloidogyne incognita in Mulberry
Chowdary, N.B.,Mukherjee, Sanchayita Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2003 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.6 No.2
Five seed kernel namely, Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.), Pongamia (Pongamia glabra L. Pierre), Tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.), Mahua (Madhuca indica Gmel.) and Shikakai (Acacia cancinna De.) were tested against hatching of eggs and larval mortality of Meloidogyne incognita causing root knot disease in mulberry along with Furadan (Carbofuran) and Bionema (a bioformulation developed from Verticillium chlamydosporium) for comparison. Results revealed that highest hush-up of hatching was observed in Neem (77.40%) and Pongamia (75.99%) seed kernel extracts at 100% concentration over the check. Similarly, highest larval mortality was observed in Neem and Pongamia by 76.00% and 74.50%, respectively at 100% concentration after 72 hrs of exposure period. Pot culture studies revealed that pre-application of seed kernel powders (20 days before inoculation of nematode) found to be more effective in controlling the root knot disease than post application. In pre application of seed kernel powders, maximum reduction of root knots was observed in case of Neem seed kernel powder (54.85%) followed by Pongamia (51.9%). Similar trend was also observed in reduction of egg masses/plant and nematode population /250 cc soil. Rest of the seed kernel extracts was found to be less effective in suppression of hatching, enhancing the larval mortality and controlling the root knot disease. However, application of Furadan and Bionema tested for the comparison were found to be more effective than seed kernel powders. The generated information seems to be useful in developing an ecofriendly integrated approach for the control of root knot nematode disease in mulberry.
Chowdary, N.B.,Kumaer, Virendra,Kumar, Vineet Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2002 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.4 No.2
The qualitative and quantitative changes of bacterial flora associated with the Pure Mysore (Multivoltine) and NB$_4$D$_2$ (Bivoltine) silkworm (Bombyx modi L.) midgut during third, fourth and fifth instars were studied. Larvae reared on mulberry leaves were dissected and their midgut bacterial populations were enumerated through serial dilution technique and after 72 hrs of incubation period at 28 $\pm$ 1$^{\circ}C$, the bacterial population was estimated. The results showed a highest mean value of 15$\times$10/ sup 6/ sup 6/ CFU/g and 28$\times$10/ sup 6/ CFU/g in Pure Mysore and NB$_4$D$_2$races, respectively, in midgut tissue of fifth instar larvae. The natural epiphytic microflora of mulberry leaves fed during the respective instars was also studied and found maximum 14$\times$10$^3$ CFU/g in leaves fed in third instars, followed by 5.3$\times$10$^3$ CFU/g and 2.1$\times$10$^3$ CFU/g in leaves fed during fourth and fifth instars, respectively. The bacterial flora colonized in midgut was found to be elaborating amylase, caseinase, gelatinase, lipase and urease enzymes. The highest percentages of isolates were amylase producers followed by protein and lipid splitters in Pure Mysore, whereas in NB$_4$D$_2$ protein splitter were dominated followed by lipase and amylase producers in NB$_4$D$_2$. The results indicate that the natural microflora may play a vital role in the digestion of ingested food materials in silkworms.
Lakshman Chowdary Basam,Gowri Sankar Singaraju,Sobitha Obili,Thejasree Keerthipati,Ram Chowdary Basam,Mandava Prasad 대한치과마취과학회 2022 Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Vol.22 No.2
Background: Pain during fixed orthodontic treatment can have a detrimental effect on patient treatment compliance. To overcome this, there is a definite need to establish the best pain-relieving methods suitable for orthodontic patients in terms of efficacy and use. The objective of this study was to compare the effect of chewing gum and pre-emptive tenoxicam on pain after initial archwire placement and to evaluate the pain perceptions of orthodontic patients in the two groups while performing various functions at specific time intervals. Methods: Forty-two patients were selected and randomly divided into two groups: group A (chewing gum) and group B (pre-emptive tenoxicam). Pain perception was documented by patients immediately; at 4 h; at bedtime on the day of archwire placement; the next morning; at 24 h; and at bedtime on the 2nd, 3rd, and 7th day after the initial archwire placement. Pain scores were noted during fitting of the posterior teeth, biting, and chewing using a visual analog scale. The data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis. Results: Group A showed a significant increase in pain until the next morning while fitting the posterior teeth, biting, and chewing [36.2, 52.0, 33.4, respectively]], followed by a gradual decrease by the 7th day. Group B showed a significant increase in pain at bedtime on biting, with a peak value of 47.5. Pain on chewing, fitting posterior teeth, peaked the morning of the next day (100.0, 45.0). The Freidman test showed a statistically significant difference with a p-value of < 0.01. Higher pain scores were observed while chewing and biting compared with that while fitting the posterior teeth in both groups. The overall comparison of pain control between the two groups was not statistically significant [P > 0.05] between the two groups. Conclusions: Chewing gum was not inferior to pre-emptive tenoxicam. Thus, chewing gum is a non-pharmacological alternative to analgesics for orthodontic pain control that eliminates the chance of adverse reactions and can be used in the absence of adult observation.
Realization of Fish Robot Position Recognition Object Using the Color Segment
Lenendra Chowdary Gunnam,Kyoo Jae Shin 한국정보기술학회 2016 Proceedings of KIIT Conference Vol.2016 No.6
In this paper, we have researched about how to detecting the fish robot objects in aquarium. We had used designed fish robots DOMI ver1.0, which had researched and developed for aquarium underwater robot. The model of the robot fish is analysis to maximize the momentum of the robot fish and the body of the robot is designed through the analysis of the biological fish swimming. We are planned to non-external equipment to find the position and manipulated the position using creating boundary to fish robot to detect the fish robot objects. Also, we focused the detecting fish robot in aquarium by using boundary algorithm. In order to the find the object boundary, it is filtering the video frame to picture frames and changing the RGB to gray. Then, applied the boundary algorithm stand of equations which operates the boundary for objects. We called these procedures is kind of image processing that can distinguish the objects and background in the captured video frames. It was confirmed that excellent performance in the field test such as filtering image, object detecting and boundary algorithm.
Harini Chowdary Vadlamudi,Prasanna Raju Yalavarthi,Tejeswari Nagaswaram,Arun Rasheed,Jaya Preethi Peesa 한국약제학회 2019 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.49 No.1
Quetiapine fumarate has possessed low solubility and extremely poor bioavailability, which restricts its oral administration. In order to address this concern, microemulsification technique was envisaged. Solubility of quetiapine was assessed in various liquid vehicles (oils, surfactants and cosurfactants) for the selection of carriers in self microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) formulation. Microemulsion region was identified from the pseudoternary phase diagram. Quetiapine was loaded in preconcetrates of the predetermined microemulsion region. Quetiapine loaded SMEDDS were characterized for FTIR, pH, viscosity, zeta potential, and evaluated for drug content, in-vitro dissolution, in-vitro diffusion, and ex-vivo permeation. Optimized liquid SMEDDS were renewed into S-SMEDDS by adsorption and melt granulation technique. Formulated S-SMEDDS were characterized for micromeritics, DSC, SEM, and evaluated for drug content, reconstitution time, drug release, stability and anti-psychotic activity in animals for amphetamine induced stereotypy and swimming normalization test. The formulations of O11, O13, C6 and C10 liquid SMEDDS had shown drug release of 92, 94.16, 68.59 and 55.03% respectively at the end of 1 h. S-SMEDDS exhibited good micromeritics with a drug content of 80 to 90% and released drug up to 96%. AO13 of S-SMEDDS had 1.2 years of shelf life and exhibited better anti-psychotic activity owing to enhanced biomembrane permeation in the presence of tweens as surfactants. The spontaneous formation of microemulsion from adsorption based S-SMEDDS resulted in hasty drug release. Thus the results of the study indicated that self microemulsification of quetiapine and subsequent solidification is the better alternative in affording optimal pharmacotherapy of psychosis.
Design of a Robot Head Shaped Microstrip Patch Antennas for Multi-band Applications
P.Venkanna Chowdary,T.Mohan Krishna,A.Tathababu 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Signal Processing, Image Vol.8 No.8
In this paper, two different types of robot head shaped patch antennas are proposed and a comparative study is presented. Both the proposed antennas have same dimensions except at the mouth position. These antennas are fed by coaxial feeding technique and are etched on an FR-4 substrate with relative permittivity 4.4. The proposed antennas produce multiple bands resonating at 1.63 GHz, 5 GHz, 6.13 GHz, 6.91 GHz and 9.5 GHz frequencies with excellent return loss characteristics. These frequencies have applications in wireless, satellite, radar and mobile communications.
Menni, Alekhya Chowdary,Radhakrishna, Ambati Naga,Prasad, M. Ghanashyam The Korean Dental Society of Anesthsiology 2020 Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Vol.20 No.6
Background: Inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) is the most common, painful, and anxiety-provoking procedure involving needle insertion for anesthetic solution deposition. DentalVibeⓇ (DV) delivers vibration at a sustained frequency as a counter-stimulation to the site of injection, thereby alleviating pain. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of DV and lignocaine hydrochloride 2% gel (Lox 2% jelly) in pain reduction during IANB in children. Methods: A split-mouth randomized clinical trial was designed with a sample of 60 children (age, 6 to 12 years) requiring bilateral IANB for various dental procedures; DV was used while administering IANB and Lox 2% jelly was used as the topical anesthetic before administering IANB at subsequent appointments. During both appointments, pain perception was measured using the sound, eye, motor (SEM) scale and Wong-Baker faces pain rating scale (WBFPRS); oxygen saturation (SpO2) and pulse rate were measured using a pulse oximeter before, during, and after the IANB procedure. The obtained values were tabulated and subjected to statistical analysis. Wilcoxon test was used for intergroup comparison, and Friedman test, for intragroup comparison of measured variables at different treatment phases. Results: The medians and interquartile ranges of the WBFPRS scores recorded during the IANB procedure for DV and Lox 2% jelly were 2 (2-4) and 2 (0-2), respectively (P < 0.05). The SEM scale scores, mean SpO2, and pulse rate did not show any significant differences during the IANB procedure between both treatments. Conclusion: Both DV and Lox 2% jelly were found to be effective in pain reduction during IANB in children.