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EDWARD K. CHOW,BENJAMIN CHU,GENHONG CHENG,YU-CHONG TAI,ERIK PIERSTORFF,DEAN HO 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2007 NANO Vol.2 No.6
Serving as platforms for both cellular interrogation as well as biomembrane mimicry, biotic–abiotic functionalized materials, such as block copolymeric membranes, offer the opportunity for tailored biology, where specific embedded functionalities can be rapidly engineered, on demand, without the need for genetic processing. These versatile materials enable rapid, thin film deposition of a plethora of biologically-relevant materials at the air–water interface given their amphiphilic properties, meaning that they possess alternating hydrophilic and hydrophobic components. This property confers to these materials the ability to be transferred to a wide range of substrates and materials, further enhancing their interfacial versatility. In addition, their biologically-inert, and tunable, thickness-dependent insulating properties serve as ideal bio-active substrates while maintaining the functionality of the integrated molecule (e.g., protein, effector molecule, etc.). Here, we report the application of a polyethyleneoxide–polymethylmethacrylate (PEO–PMMA) diblock and polymethyloxazoline–polydimethylsiloxane–polymethyloxazoline (PMOXA–PDMS–PMOXA) triblock copolymers as molecular anchors for tethering a broad spectrum of materials. These include carbon nanotubes for the fabrication of bioelectrodes to measure cytochrome c-mediated oxidation-reduction, as well as the anti-inflammatory molecule, dexamethasone, for the suppression of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in murine macrophages. As such, this work demonstrates the versatility, and broad applicability and impact of this platform approach towards the fabrication of multifunctional arrays of biologically-active surfaces for experimentation ranging from bio-electroactivity to studies of cellular immunity.
Coronary Atherosclerotic Precursors of Acute Coronary Syndromes
Chang, Hyuk-Jae,Lin, Fay Y.,Lee, Sang-Eun,Andreini, Daniele,Bax, Jeroen,Cademartiri, Filippo,Chinnaiyan, Kavitha,Chow, Benjamin J.W.,Conte, Edoardo,Cury, Ricardo C.,Feuchtner, Gudrun,Hadamitzky, Marti Elsevier 2018 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY - Vol.71 No.22
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Background</B></P> <P>The association of atherosclerotic features with first acute coronary syndromes (ACS) has not accounted for plaque burden.</P> <P><B>Objectives</B></P> <P>The purpose of this study was to identify atherosclerotic features associated with precursors of ACS.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>We performed a nested case-control study within a cohort of 25,251 patients undergoing coronary computed tomographic angiography (CTA) with follow-up over 3.4 ± 2.1 years. Patients with ACS and nonevent patients with no prior coronary artery disease (CAD) were propensity matched 1:1 for risk factors and coronary CTA–evaluated obstructive (≥50%) CAD. Separate core laboratories performed blinded adjudication of ACS and culprit lesions and quantification of baseline coronary CTA for percent diameter stenosis (%DS), percent cross-sectional plaque burden (PB), plaque volumes (PVs) by composition (calcified, fibrous, fibrofatty, and necrotic core), and presence of high-risk plaques (HRPs).</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>We identified 234 ACS and control pairs (age 62 years, 63% male). More than 65% of patients with ACS had nonobstructive CAD at baseline, and 52% had HRP. The %DS, cross-sectional PB, fibrofatty and necrotic core volume, and HRP increased the adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of ACS (1.010 per %DS, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.005 to 1.015; 1.008 per percent cross-sectional PB, 95% CI: 1.003 to 1.013; 1.002 per mm<SUP>3</SUP> fibrofatty plaque, 95% CI: 1.000 to 1.003; 1.593 per mm<SUP>3</SUP> necrotic core, 95% CI: 1.219 to 2.082; all p < 0.05). Of the 129 culprit lesion precursors identified by coronary CTA, three-fourths exhibited <50% stenosis and 31.0% exhibited HRP.</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>Although ACS increases with %DS, most precursors of ACS cases and culprit lesions are nonobstructive. Plaque evaluation, including HRP, PB, and plaque composition, identifies high-risk patients above and beyond stenosis severity and aggregate plaque burden.</P> <P><B>Central Illustration</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>