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Architecture of LTE-WIFI Integration for SDN Towards IP Systems
Chen Yange,Zhang Zhili,Du Genyuan,Chen Shangbo 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Future Generation Communi Vol.9 No.12
Against the background of a surge in software-defined network (SDN)as well as urgent demands for LTE-WIFI internetworking and IPv6 network integration, the paper integrates LTE mobile telecommunication technology, wireless local area network and 5G (the fifth generation mobile communication system)into one, in an attempt to complete routing, distribution, and transmission of different radio frequency signals (i.e.LTE, WIFI) on the SDN basis. As a result, large-area coverage of LTE-WIFI network signals is realized in a way that meeting the demands of reliability, safety,flexibility and extendibility for mobile internet. What is more, different complementary wireless telecommunication systems are closed combined with each other. Through the use of SDN integration technology, the paper designs network integration architecture of IP-LTE mobile internet and WIFI, and also studies on the application of SDN-based IP optical integration network, which has broad prospects.
Zhou Xiaoling,Yan Qiongxian,Liu Liling,Chen Genyuan,Tang Shaoxun,He Zhixiong,Tan Zhiliang 아세아·태평양축산학회 2022 Animal Bioscience Vol.35 No.6
Objective: The effects of maternal undernutrition during midgestation on muscle fiber histology, myosin heavy chain (MyHC) expression, methylation modification of myogenic factors, and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway in the skeletal muscles of prenatal and postnatal goats were examined. Methods: Twenty-four pregnant goats were assigned to a control (100% of the nutrients requirement, n = 12) or a restricted group (60% of the nutrients requirement, n = 12) between 45 and 100 days of gestation. Descendants were harvested at day 100 of gestation and at day 90 after birth to collect the femoris muscle tissue. Results: Maternal undernutrition increased (p<0.05) the fiber area of the vastus muscle in the fetuses and enhanced (p<0.01) the proportions of MyHCI and MyHCIIA fibers in offspring, while the proportion of MyHCIIX fibers was decreased (p<0.01). DNA methylation at the +530 cytosine-guanine dinucleotide (CpG) site of the myogenic factor 5 (MYF5) promoter in restricted fetuses was increased (p<0.05), but the methylation of the MYF5 gene at the +274,280 CpG site and of the myogenic differentiation (MYOD) gene at the +252 CpG site in restricted kids was reduced (p<0.05). mTOR protein signals were downregulated (p<0.05) in the restricted offspring. Conclusion: Maternal undernutrition altered the muscle fiber type in offspring, but its relationship with methylation in the promoter regions of myogenic genes needs to be elucidated. Objective: The effects of maternal undernutrition during midgestation on muscle fiber histology, myosin heavy chain (MyHC) expression, methylation modification of myogenic factors, and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway in the skeletal muscles of prenatal and postnatal goats were examined.Methods: Twenty-four pregnant goats were assigned to a control (100% of the nutrients requirement, n = 12) or a restricted group (60% of the nutrients requirement, n = 12) between 45 and 100 days of gestation. Descendants were harvested at day 100 of gestation and at day 90 after birth to collect the femoris muscle tissue.Results: Maternal undernutrition increased (p<0.05) the fiber area of the vastus muscle in the fetuses and enhanced (p<0.01) the proportions of MyHCI and MyHCIIA fibers in offspring, while the proportion of MyHCIIX fibers was decreased (p<0.01). DNA methylation at the +530 cytosine-guanine dinucleotide (CpG) site of the myogenic factor 5 (MYF5) promoter in restricted fetuses was increased (p<0.05), but the methylation of the MYF5 gene at the +274,280 CpG site and of the myogenic differentiation (MYOD) gene at the +252 CpG site in restricted kids was reduced (p<0.05). mTOR protein signals were downregulated (p<0.05) in the restricted offspring.Conclusion: Maternal undernutrition altered the muscle fiber type in offspring, but its relationship with methylation in the promoter regions of myogenic genes needs to be elucidated.