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Mi Young Noh,Yong Hun Jo,Seung Han Oh,Dong Hyun Kim,Hee Jung Park,Ik Soo Kim,Carolina Barillas Mury,Heung Chul Kim,Won Ja Lee,In Hee Lee,Sook Jae Seo,Se Won Kang,Yong Seok Lee 한국유전학회 2006 Genes & Genomics Vol.28 No.4
Anopheles sinensis is known to play a critical role in malaria transmission and re-emergence in the areas near the Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) of Korea. However, no study on Plasmodium-midgut interactions using A. sinensis has been reported. Here, we describe the cloning and dynamic subcellular localization of the orthologue of Anopheles gambiae (AgSRPN10), isoform RCM, from Anopheles sinensis (AnsiSRPN10). AnsiSRPN10 mRNA is expressed in embryoes, and is almost undetectable in 4(th) instar larvae. It increases transiently in pupae and is most abundant in adult females. Expression is higher in the abdomen and the midgut compared to the thorax and ovary. It is induced in response to laminarin and Actinomycin-D. AnsiSRPN10 protein does not contain a consensus nuclear localization signal (NLS), but has a putative nuclear export signal (NES) and small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) modification site. It is present mainly in the nucleus of healthy midgut cells, but translocates from the nucleus to the cytosol in Plasmodium-invaded cells. AnsiSRPN10 expression increases as midgut cells undergo apoptosis, indicating that the epithelial responses to P. berghei invasion are conserved across different anopheline species. AnsiSRPN10 is a useful marker of Plasmodium-induced apoptosis in midgut. To our knowledge, this is the first report on A. sinensis innate immunity in the context of Time Bomb model.