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Effect of Exposure to 2.5 μm Indoor Particulate Matter on Adult Lung Function in Jakarta
Eky Pramitha,Budi Haryanto 질병관리본부 2019 Osong Public Health and Research Persptectives Vol.10 No.2
Objectives: Lung function impairment due to exposure to indoor air pollution of particulate matter size 2.5 micrometers (PM2.5) is not well documented in Jakarta. Methods: To assess whether there is an association between indoor PM2.5 concentration and lung function impairment among the adult population, a cross-sectional design was implemented. There were 109 adults selected aged between 20 years and 65 years from the Pulo Gadung industrial area, East Jakarta. Association and logistic regression analysis were implemented for statistical analysis of the data. Results: The average exposure to indoor PM2.5 was 308 μg/m3. There were 38.5% of participants that had lung function impairment. PM2.5 concentration was found to be associated with lung function impairment among the adult population living in Pulo Gadung industrial area after controlling for gender, duration of exposure, ventilation, smoking status, and humidity. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that PM2.5 concentrations in the Pulo Gadung industrial area may be the main contributor to the impairment of lung function for adults living in the surrounding residential area.
Agung UTAMA,Hunik Sri Runing SAWITRI,Budi HARYANTO,Lilik WAHYUDI 한국유통과학회 2021 유통과학연구 Vol.19 No.7
Purpose: The main purpose of this research is to examine the effect of impulse buying tendencies toward impulse buying, which is mediated by an urge to buy and moderated by the gender of the retail customers. Research design, data and methodology: This study uses a survey design. The sample consisted of several mall customers in Yogyakarta. Purposive sampling was used as the sampling technique. Data collection was carried out in two ways, distributing questionnaires online and directly giving questionnaires to mall customers. Results: The results of data analysis using structural equation modeling show that: 1). Impulse buying tendencies have a positive and significant effect on the urge to buy and impulse buying, 2). The effect of impulse buying tendencies on impulse buying were mediated by an urge to buy and moderated by gender. Conclusions: Theoretical implications of this research strengthen the concept/theory concerning the relationship of the impulse buying tendencies, urge to buy and impulse buying. The results of the study have some managerial implications. It can be used to reference retail store business in increasing the volume of retail customers purchases through impulse buying. The retail businesses can increase impulse buying which will trigger impulsive purchases and the company s sales and profitability