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Reckless financial behaviors: An exploratory life course study of French and American consumers
Sarah Benmoyal-Bouzaglo,George P. Moschis,Anil Mathur 한국마케팅과학회 2019 마케팅과학연구 Vol.29 No.4
Achieving financial solvency has been viewed as a desirable life goal, because financial satisfaction promotes well-being. The vast majority of personal finance studies have attempted to understand the factors that promote saving and investment habits and skills, but studies that examine the factors that inhibit people’s abilities to achieve financial solvency are sparse. This paper reports the results of a study designed to understand the development of financial behaviors that are labelled as “reckless” because they undermine the person’s ability to achieve financial solvency. Because substantial evidence shows that personal finance habits begin to develop in early life and change throughout life, the present study uses the life course approach to examine the effects of select factors suggested by life course theory on the person’s propensity to exhibit financial behaviors that sabotage financial solvency at three stages in life. The influence of these factors is examined across three cohorts of US and French consumers using data collected from two online surveys. The findings of this exploratory study suggest the value of studying financial habits that impede financial solvency in time and context.
Erickson, Evan M.,Bouzaglo, Hana,Sclar, Hadar,Park, Kang-Joon,Lim, Byung-Beom,Schipper, Florian,Ghanty, Chandan,Grinblat, Judith,Markovsky, Boris,Sun, Yang-Kook,Aurbach, Doron The Electrochemical Society 2016 Journal of the Electrochemical Society Vol.163 No.7
<P>In this work, nickel-rich, layered-structure LiNi0.65Co0.08Mn0.27O2 cathode materials were synthesized and compared with materials of the same overall composition, but with a concentration gradient throughout the particles: the Ni concentration is higher at the center of the particles and lower at surface, while the opposite is true for the Mn concentration. The co-precipitation synthesis parameters were optimized, with two different annealing protocols for the final products and the effect of chelating agent concentration during synthesis examined. The gradientmaterials provided superior capacity and rate capability than their respective non-gradient-materials, at normal operating potentials and temperatures, e.g. 30 degrees C up to 4.3 V vs. Li. The reasons for the improved discharge capacity of the gradient materials were explored through impedance spectroscopy and post-mortem characterization. The gradient structure evolution was examined via TEM and electron diffraction measurements of particle cross-sections. Prolonged cycling, even at elevated temperatures, did not change the initial concentration profiles determined by the synthesis. Additionally, long-term cycling experiments of the second-generation material electrodes vs. graphite electrodes in full cells were performed in order to explore the practical advantage of these novel materials. (C) 2016 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.</P>