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Differential diagnosis of <i>Taenia asiatica</i> using multiplex PCR
Jeon, Hyeong-Kyu,Chai, Jong-Yil,Kong, Yoon,Waikagul, Jitra,Insisiengmay, Bounnaloth,Rim, Han-Jong,Eom, Keeseon S. Elsevier 2009 Experimental parasitology Vol.121 No.2
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P><I>Taenia asiatica</I> and <I>T. saginata</I> are frequently confused tapeworms due to their morphological similarities and sympatric distribution in Asian regions. To resolve this problem, a high-resolution multiplex PCR assay was developed to distinguish <I>T. asiatica</I> infections from infection with other human <I>Taenia</I> tapeworms. For molecular characterization, the species specificity of all materials used was confirmed by sequencing of the <I>cox1</I> gene. Fifty-two samples were analyzed in this study, comprising 20 samples of <I>T. asiatica</I> genomic DNA from China, Korea, and the Philippines; 24 samples of <I>T. saginata</I> from Belgium, Chile, China, Ethiopia, France, Indonesia, Korea, Laos, the Philippines, Poland, Taiwan, Thailand, and Switzerland; and 10 samples of <I>T. solium</I> from Cape Verde, China, Honduras, and Korea. The diagnostic quality of the results obtained using PCR and species-specific primers designed from valine tRNA and NADH genes was equal to that based on the nucleotide sequencing of the <I>cox1</I> gene. Using oligonucleotide primers Ta4978F, Ts5058F, Tso7421F, and Rev7915, the multiplex PCR assay was useful for the differentially diagnosing <I>T. asiatica</I>, <I>T. saginata</I>, and <I>T. solium</I> based on 706-, 629-, and 474-bp bands.</P>
Jong-Yil Chai,Tai-Soon Yong,Keeseon S. Eom,Duk-Young Min,Eun-Hee Shin,Virasack Banouvong,Bounnaloth Insisiengmay,Sithat Insisiengmay,Bounlay Phommasack,Han-Jong Rim 대한기생충학열대의학회 2010 The Korean Journal of Parasitology Vol.48 No.4
Phongsaly Province, located in the northernmost area of Lao PDR, was previously suggested to be endemic for the liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini infection. To confirm, or rule out, this suggestion, the Phonxay village in the Khoua District, Phongsaly Province, was selected for a survey. Ten volunteers (8 men and 2 women aged 31-57 years) who consumed raw freshwater fish and had gastrointestinal troubles were treated with a single dose of praziquantel (40 mg/kg) and pyrantel pamoate (10 mg/kg) and purged with magnesium sulfate to recover any worm parasites. Eight of the 10 volunteers expelled 1 or more species of trematodes, nematodes, or cestodes (worm positive rate; 80%). The worms were morphologically identified as H. taichui (861 worms from 8 people), H. yokogawai (59 from 6 people), Phaneropsolus bonnei (1 from 1 person), Trichostrongylus sp. (2 from 2 people), Ascaris lumbricoides (2 from 1 person), Enterobius vermicularis (11 from 3 people), and Taenia saginata (1 strobila with scolex from 1 person). The results indicate that the mountainous area of Phongsaly Province, Lao PDR, is not endemic for the liver fluke but endemic for intestinal flukes, in particular, Haplorchis taichui and H. yokogawai.
Jong-Yil Chai,장태희,정봉광,신혜주,손운목,Keeseon S. Eom,용태순,Duk-Young Min,Bounlay Phammasac,Bounnaloth Insisiengmay,임한종 대한기생충학ㆍ열대의학회 2019 The Korean Journal of Parasitology Vol.57 No.4
Adult specimens of Echinochasmus caninus n. comb. (Verma, 1935) (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) (syn. Episthmium caninum Yamaguti, 1958) were recovered from 11 riparian people who resided along the Mekong River in Khammouane Province, Lao PDR. In fecal examinations done by the Kato-Katz technique, the cases revealed eggs of Opisthorchis viverrini/minute intestinal flukes, hookworms, and in 2 cases echinostome eggs. To recover the adult hel- minths, praziquantel 30-40 mg/kg and pyrantel pamoate 10-15 mg/kg in a single dose were given and purged with mag- nesium salts. Various species of trematodes (including O. viverrini and Haplorchis spp.), cestodes, and nematodes were recovered from their diarrheic stools. Among the trematodes, small echinostome flukes (n=42; av. 3.8 specimens per case) of 0.7-1.2 mm in length are subjected in this study. They are morphologically characterized by having 24 collar spines interrupted dorsally and anterior extension of vitellaria from the cirrus sac or genital pore level to the posterior end of the body. Particularly based on this extensive distribution of vitellaria, the specific diagnosis was made as Echinochas- mus caninus. The cases were co-infected with various other helminth parasites; thus, clinical manifestations specific for this echinostome infection were difficult to determine. The present paper describes for the first time human E. caninus in- fections in Lao PDR. Our cases marked the 4-14th human infections with this echinostome around the world following the 3 previous cases reported from Thailand.
채종일,정봉광,장태희,신혜주,손운목,Keeseon S. Eom,용태순,Duk-Young Min,Bounlay Phammasack,Bounnaloth Insisiengmay,임한종 대한기생충학ㆍ열대의학회 2020 The Korean Journal of Parasitology Vol.58 No.1
Human infection with Echinostoma aegyptica Khalil and Abaza, 1924 (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) is extremely rare. In this study, we confirmed E. aegyptica infection in 5 riparian residents living along the Mekong River in Savannakhet Province, Lao PDR. The patients revealed eggs of Opisthorchis viverrini/minute intestinal flukes, echinostomes, and other parasites in fecal examinations using the Kato-Katz technique. Following treatment with praziquantel 30-40 mg/kg and pyrantel pamoate 10-15 mg/kg in a single dose and purging with magnesium salts, adult specimens of various helminth species were collected. Among the trematodes, echinostome flukes of 4.5-7.6 mm in length (n = 134; av. 22.3 specimens per case) were of taxonomic interest and subjected in this study. The flukes were morphologically characterized by having total 43-45 collar spines arranged in 2 alternating rows (corner spines usually 5 on each side) and compatible with previous descriptions of E. aegyptica. The patients were mixed-infected with other helminths, so specific clinical manifestations due to this echinostome fluke were difficult to determine. The present paper describes for the first time human E. aegyptica infections in Lao PDR. This is the second report of human infection (2nd-6th cases) with E. aegyptica in the world following the first one from China.
Echinostoma ilocanum Infection in Two Residents of Savannakhet Province, Lao PDR
Jong-Yil Chai,Woon-Mok Sohn,Jaeeun Cho,Keeseon S. Eom,Tai-Soon Yong,Duk-Young Min,Eui-Hyug Hoang,Bounlay Phommasack,Bounnaloth Insisiengmay,Han-Jong Rim 대한기생충학열대의학회 2018 The Korean Journal of Parasitology Vol.56 No.1
Adult specimens of Echinostoma ilocanum (Garrison, 1908) Odhner, 1911 (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) were recovered from 2 riparian people who resided along the Mekong River in Savannakhet Province, Lao PDR. In fecal examinations done by the Kato-Katz technique, they revealed echinostome eggs together with eggs of Opisthorchis viverrini (and minute intestinal fluke eggs) and hookworms. To recover the adult flukes, they were treated with praziquantel 30-40 mg/kg in a single dose and purged with magnesium salts. A total of 658 adult fluke specimens were recovered from the 2 people; 456 from case 1 and 202 from case 2. Specimens from case 1 consisted of 335 echinostomes (301 E. ilocanum and 34 species undetermined), 120 O. viverrini, and 1 Haplorchis taichui, and those from case 2 consisted of 36 E. ilocanum, 134 O. viverrini, and 32 H. taichui. Thus, the number of E. ilocanum specimens was 337 in total (average per person, 168.5). From this study, it is suggested that foodborne intestinal flukes and liver flukes are highly prevalent along the Mekong River in Savannakhet Province. The present report describes for the first time human infections with E. ilocanum in Lao PDR.
Centrocestus formosanus (Heterophyidae): human infections and the infection source in Lao PDR.
Chai, Jong-Yil,Sohn, Woon-Mok,Yong, Tai-Soon,Eom, Keeseon S,Min, Duk-Young,Lee, Mi Youn,Lim, Hyemi,Insisiengmay, Bounnaloth,Phommasack, Bounlay,Rim, Han-Jong American Society of Parasitologists] 2013 The Journal of parasitology Vol.99 No.3
<P>In Lao People's Democratic Republic (PDR), we detected 7 patients infected with Centrocestus formosanus (1-122 adult specimens) after praziquantel treatment and purgation, together with several other trematode species including Opisthorchis viverrini and Haplorchis taichui. The patients were all men, 23-42 yr-of-age. Three subjects were from Vientiane Municipality and 1 each were from Khammouane, Saravane, Champassak, and Xiengkhouang Province. The patients had frequently eaten raw freshwater fish and were experiencing variable degrees of epigastric pain and indigestion accompanied by occasional diarrhea, although the relationship of these symptoms with C. formosanus infection was unclear. Centrocestus formosanus specimens were ovoid, 0.46 mm (0.41-0.52 mm) long, and 0.18 mm (0.16-0.20 mm) wide (n = 10) and were equipped with 32 circumoral spines on the oral sucker. The uterine eggs were 33.2 μm long (31.8-34.9 μm) and 18.5 μm wide (17.4-19.8 μm) (n = 20). Analysis of the nucleotide sequence of the 18S ribosomal RNA gene of our specimens (Laotian isolate) revealed 100% homology with that of an isolate from the United States reported in GenBank. Several species of freshwater fish collected from Xiengkhouang Province revealed a 17.0% prevalence (9 of 53 fish examined) for C. formosanus metacercariae. The results suggest that human C. formosanus infections have been masked by other trematode infections.</P>
Current Status of Human Taeniasis in Lao People’s Democratic Republic
Hyeong-Kyu Jeon,Tai-Soon Yong,Woon-Mok Sohn,Jong-Yil Chai,Duk-Young Min,Cheong-Ha Yun,Han-Jong Rim,Tiengkham Pongvongsa,Virasack Banouvong,Bounnaloth Insisiengmay,Bounlay Phommasack,Keeseon S. Eom 대한기생충학열대의학회 2013 The Korean Journal of Parasitology Vol.51 No.2
Human taeniasis was investigated in Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR) between 2000 and 2011 as part of the nation’s helminthiasis survey. A total of 55,038 inhabitants, including 29,846 school children, were examined using the Kato-Katz and scotch-tape anal swab method, and morphological observation of adult worms. Molecular identification of Taenia tapeworms was performed by multiplex PCR or DNA sequence analysis of the mitochondrial cox1 gene. Taenia eggs were present at a rate of 1.5% (845/55,038) in the subject population. Adult tapeworms were identified as T. solium or T. saginata by analyzing the collectable stool specimens (n=126). Three specimens identified as T. solium were found in Luang Prabang, while the remaining 123 specimens, which were T. saginata, were found in Bokeo, Bolikhamxay, Champasak, Houaphan, Khammouane, Luang Namta, Luang Prabang, Oudomxay, Phongsaly, Saysomboune, Saravane, Savannakhet, Xayaboury, Xekong, Xieng Khouang Province, and Vientiane Municipality.