Performance Investigation of Bottom Gate ZnO Based TFT for High-Speed Digital Display Circuit Applications

Binay Binod Kumar,Shubham Kumar,Pramod Kumar Tiwari,Aniruddh Bahadur Yadav,Sarvesh Dubey,Kunal Singh 한국전기전자재료학회 2024 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.25 No.3

This paper explores possibility of device as well as circuit performance enhancement in the bottom gate ZnO based TFT via Mg and Cd material doping. DC, Analog & RF performance, Energy effi ciency and Noise analysis were erformed for both doped (i.e., MgyZn1−yO and CdxZn1−xO ) and undoped ZnO channel TFT structures. Further, successful ircuit implementation of these devices was done in resistive inverter and AMLCD pixel display circuits. Performance wise both MgyZn1−yO and CdxZn1−xO channel TFTs were found to be superior against its undoped variant. ~ 376%, ~ 105% nd ~ 162% are the percentage improvement in (ION∕IOFF) ratio, fi eld eff ect mobility (μFE) and eff ective mobility μeff) for CdxZn1−xO based TFT with respect to ZnO based TFT, same parameters show ~ 194%, ~ 103% and ~ 133% ercentage improvement for the case of MgyZn1−yO TFT. Also, ~ 23% is percentage decrease in subthreshold swing (SS) for CdxZn1−xO based TFT with respect to ZnO based, whereas ~ 11% is percentage decrement for MgyZn1−yO . Intrinsic gate delay, the percentage decrement is ~ 54.15 and ~ 59.95% for MgyZn1−yO and CdxZn1−xO respectively w.r.t ZnO. Both the CdxZn1−xO and MgyZn1−yO TFT shows unanimous decrease in delay for the resistive inverter as well as AMLCD pixel display circuits. The reported results shows that bottom gate CdxZn1−xO TFT has better performance for bove-mentioned performance parameters. The numerical simulations are performed on Silvaco ATLAS TCAD simulator.

Mathematical Model on Attack of Worm and Virus in Computer Network

Binay Kumar Mishra 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Future Generation Communi Vol.9 No.6

To curb the impact and transmission of worms and virus for simple mass action incidence rate in computer networks, SI1I2RS (Susceptible, Infectious due to worm, Infectious due to virus, Recovered and Susceptible) model have been formed. Basic reproduction number, endemic equilibrium state and their stability are discussed for the simple mass action incidence. For locally and globally asymptotically stability of the infection free equilibrium state, Liapunov function is used. Numerical methods have been used to solve and simulate the system which will help us to understand the attacking behavior and transmission dynamics of malicious object in computer network, and efficiency of antivirus software.

Consistent Performance ZnO TFT Based Single Transistor Nonvolatile Memory with Minimal Charge Loss

Binay Binod Kumar,Kunal Singh 한국전기전자재료학회 2024 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.25 No.4

This article reports transparent bottom gate ZnO TFT based single transistor nonvolatile memory (NVM). Here current voltage hysteresis of this TFT structure has been thoroughly explored, where acceptor trap in the channel captures electrons during forward scanning resulting into threshold voltage hike in reverse scanning. This mobile charge carrier capture and release at the channel and oxide interface have been implicated in hysteresis. Additionally, it is validated using different geometrical and device parameter variations of TFT, such as channel length, temperature variation, oxide thickness, and energy level. The current I ON /I OFF ratio was found to be in the range of ~ 10 9 , which was responsible for the rapid switching memory speed. In addition, it was observed that the threshold voltage is impacted by programming and erase operations for various time steps. Moreover, the prospective use of the proposed NVM had a retention time for memory more than 10 years.

Flexible High-Performance Lead-Free Na_0.47K_0.47Li_0.06NbO₃ Microcube-Structure-Based Piezoelectric Energy Harvester

Gupta, Manoj Kumar,Kim, Sang-Woo,Kumar, Binay American Chemical Society 2016 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.8 No.3

<P>Lead-free piezoelectric nano- and microstructure-based generators have recently attracted much attention due to the continuous demand of self-powered body implantable devices. We report the fabrication of a high-performance flexible piezoelectric microgenerator based on lead-free inorganic piezoelectric Na0.47K0.47Li0.06NbO3 (NKLN) microcubes for the first time. The composite generator is fabricated using NKLN microcubes and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) polymer on a flexible substrate. The flexible device exhibits excellent performance with a large recordable piezoelectric output voltage of 48 V and output current density of 0.43 mu A/cm(2) under vertical compressive force of 2 kgf, for which an energy conversion efficiency of about 11% has been achieved. Piezoresponse and ferroelectric studies reveal that NKLN microcubes exhibited high piezoelectric charge coefficient (d(33)) as high as 460 pC/N and a well-defined hysteresis loops with remnant polarization and coercive field of 13.66 mu C/cm(2) and 19.45 kV/cm, respectively. The piezoelectric charge generation mechanism from NKLN microgenerator are discussed in the light of the high d33 and alignment of electric dipoles in polymer matrix and dielectric constant of NKLN microcubes. It has been demonstrated that the developed power generator has the potential to generate high electric output power under mechanical vibration for powering biomedical devices in the near future.</P>

Evidence of sustained ferroelectricity in glycine sodium nitrate single crystal

Nidhi Tyagi,Nidhi Sinha,Binay Kumar 한국물리학회 2014 Current Applied Physics Vol.14 No.2

The nonlinear optical single crystals of glycine sodium nitrate were grown by the slow evaporation method. XRD confirmed monoclinic structure. Thermal stability and melting point (225 C) were investigated. The dielectric behaviour of the crystals in the frequency range 20 Hze2 MHz at different temperatures is reported in which a ferroelectric to paraelectric phase transition at Tc ¼ 56 C is observed. The activation energies of GSN were found to be 3.615 eV, 0.593 eV and 0.0733 eV in three temperature regions of conductivity plot due to a hopping conduction mechanism. The crystal has shown high piezoelectric charge coefficient (d33) of 16 pC/N which is nearly double of observed value for gglycine single crystal. The spontaneous polarization Ps at room temperature was found to be 1.489 mC/ cm2 at applied maximum field of 26 kV/cm (1.194 mC/cm2 at 12 kV/cm) and the pyroelectric coefficient was determined to be 400 mC/m2/C. High value of squareness parameter (1.93) makes the GSN crystal suitable for switching applications. Detailed investigations of Ferro-/Piezoelectricity were observed for the first time in glycine sodium nitrate crystals which was found to preserve the ferroelectricity even after applying an electric field much higher than the saturation electric field (12e26 kV/cm). Application of GSN crystals as sensor, high power switch gears and storage memories has been established.

Enhanced dielectric piezo-/ferro-/electric properties of dye doped sodium acid phthalate crystal

Geeta Ray,Sonu Kumar,Nidhi Sinha,Binay Kumar 한국물리학회 2017 Current Applied Physics Vol.17 No.5

Pure and 0.1 mol% amaranth dye doped sodium acid phthalate (SAP) crystals were grown by slow evaporation technique. Doping of the dye resulted in light pink colored crystals without changing its morphology. PXRD revealed no extra peak as a result of doping. The dye doping altered Raman peak intensities due to the presence of organic functional groups. Doped crystals showed the enhanced dielectric constant value ~170. The dielectric constant showed very small variation with temperature, which is useful in high temperature dielectric and piezoelectric devices. The piezoelectric charge coefficient increased from 1 pC/N to 2 pC/N as a result of dye doping. Ferroelectric P-E loops for the grown crystals were traced at room temperature, which revealed the enhancement in polarization due to dye doping. The hardness parameters and elastic stiffness were found to decrease as a result of dye doping in SAP crystals.

Growth of 1 0 0 directed ADP crystal with slotted ampoule

P. Rajesh,P. Ramasamy,G. Bhagavannarayana,Binay Kumar 한국물리학회 2010 Current Applied Physics Vol.10 No.4

Good quality ammonium dihydrogen phosphate single crystals have been grown by: (i) Sankaranarayanan–Ramasamy (SR) method and (ii) SR method with slotted ampoule. The grown crystals were subjected to UV–Vis spectroscopy, high-resolution X-ray diffractometer, dielectric, piezoelectric and laser damage threshold studies. Compared to the (1 0 0) plane of the conventional method grown ADP crystal and (1 0 0) directed SR method grown ADP crystal, the crystal grown by SR method with slotted ampoule has higher growth rate, higher optical transparency, high crystalline perfection, low dielectric loss, high piezoelectric charge coefficient and high laser damage threshold due to diffusion of segregated impurities away from the growing crystal in the slotted ampoule growth.

Ethnic Variation in Consumption of Traditional Tobacco Products and Lung Cancer Risk in Nepal

Raspanti, Greg A,Hashibe, Mia,Siwakoti, Bhola,Wei, Mei,Thakur, Binay Kumar,Pun, Chin Bahadur,Milrod, Charles,Adhikari, Subodh,Lee, Yuan-Chin Amy,Sapkota, Amir Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.14

Lung cancer is the leading contributor to cancer deaths in the developing world. Within countries, significant variability exists in the prevalence of lung cancer risk, yet limited information is available whether some of the observed variability is associated with differences in the consumption pattern of local tobacco products with differing potency. We recruited 606 lung cancer cases and 606 controls from the B.P. Koirala Memorial Cancer Hospital in Nepal from 2009-2012. We estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for lung cancer risk associated with different tobacco products, using unconditional logistic regression. Unfiltered cigarettes tended to be the most frequently used products across ethnic subgroup with about 53.7% of Brahmins, 60.1% of Chettris, and 52.3% of Rai/Limbu/Magar/others. In contrast, about 39.9% of Madishe/Tharu smokers reported using bidi compared with only 27.7% who smoked unfiltered cigarettes. Among those who only smoked one type of product, choor/kankat smokers had the highest lung cancer risk (OR 10.2; 95% CI 6.2-16.6), followed by bidi smokers (OR 5.6; 95% CI 3.6-8.7), unfiltered cigarettes (OR 4.9; 95% CI 3.4-7.2), and filtered cigarettes (OR 3.4; 95% CI 2.2-5.3). A clear dose-response relationship was observed between increased frequency of smoking and lung cancer risk across all ethnic subgroups. These results highlight the important role of traditional tobacco products on lung cancer risk in the low income countries.