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Zhijun Zhou,Bei Guan,Jinyan Chai,Xuting Che 한국응용곤충학회 2017 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.20 No.2
We used Illumina next-generation sequencing data to generate the nearly complete mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) of three phasmatodeans (Megalophasma granulata, Calvisia medogensis, and Phyllium tibetense) without the aid of additional techniques such as long-range PCR or cloning. The most surprising finding was the presence of a novel gene arrangement “trnR-trnA-trnN-trnSAGN-trnE-trnF” (genes underlined are encoded by the minority strand) that was detected in M. granulata. The ancestral order of this tRNA gene cluster is typically “trnA-trnR-trnN-trnSAGN-trnE-trnF”. However, trnA was inserted between trnR and trnN in M. granulata, and this represents a rare case of gene rearrangement in Phasmatodea. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted on the concatenated nucleotide sequences of all protein-coding genes and two ribosomal RNA genes. Both maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses failed to support the monophyly of Areolatae, Anareolatae, Diapheromeridae, Phasmatidae, Heteropterygidae, Necrosciinae, and Necrosciini. However, the monophyly of several lower taxonomic groups were confirmed in our analysis. For instance, two Ramulus species and Entoria okinawaensis were recovered in the monophyletic Clitumnini, and Phraortes, Phyllium, and Bacillus species formed individual monophyletic clades. Our results support the hypothesis that wing-loss independently occurred several times in Verophasmatodea.
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Outcomes Based on Risk Assessment of Anastomotic Leakage after Rectal Cancer Surgery
Gong, Jian-Ping,Yang, Liu,Huang, Xin-En,Sun, Bei-Cheng,Zhou, Jian-Nong,Yu, Dong-Sheng,Zhou, Xin,Li, Dong-Zheng,Guan, Xin,Wang, Dong-Feng Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.2
Purpose: Anastomotic leakage (AL) is associated with high morbidity and mortality, high reoperation rates, and increased hospital length of stay. Here we investigated the risk factors for AL after anterior resection for rectal cancer with a double stapling technique. Patients and Methods: Data for 460 patients who underwent primary anterior resection with a double stapling technique for rectal carcinoma at a single institution from 2003 to 2007 were prospectively collected. All patients experienced a total mesorectal excision (TME) operation. Clinical AL was defined as the presence of leakage signs and confirmed by diagnostic work-up according to ICD-9 codes 997.4, 567.22 (abdominopelvic abscess), and 569.81 (fistula of the intestine). Univariate and logistic regression analyses of 20 variables were undertaken to determine risk factors for AL. Survival was analysed using the Cox regression method. Results: AL was noted in 35 (7.6%) of 460 patients with rectal cancer. :Median age of the patients was 65 (50-74) and 161 (35%) were male. The diagnosis of AL was made between the 6th and 12th postoperative day (POD; mean 8th POD). After univariate and multivariate analysis, age (p=0.004), gender (p=0.007), tumor site (p<0.001), preoperative body mass index (EMI) (p<0.001), the reduction of TSGF on 5th POD less than 10U/ml (p=0.044) and the pH value of pelvic dranage less than or equal to 6.978 on 3rd POD (p<0.001) were selected as 6 independent risk factors for AL. It was shown that significant differences in survival of the patients were AL-related (p<0.001), high ASA score related (p=0.036), high-level EMI related (p=0.007) and advanced TNM stage related <p<0.001). Conclusions: AL after anterior resection for rectal carcinoma is related to advanced age, low tumor site, male sex, high preoperative EMI, low pH value of pelvic drainage on POD 3 and a significant reduction of TSGF on POD 5. In addition to their high risk of immediate postoperative morbidity and mortality, AL, worse physical status, severe obesity and advanced TNM stage have similarly negative impact on survival.
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