A Recent Review of MP3 Based Steganography Methods

Mohsen Bazyar,Rubita Sudirman 보안공학연구지원센터 2014 International Journal of Security and Its Applicat Vol.8 No.6

Steganography, the idea of hiding messages and data within other pieces of data, can be useful in many real world applications alongside encryption and other code-writing methods. Data hiding methods are a new kind of technology in secret communication. Multimedia objects like audio are the most used in today’s information hiding systems. Audio file due to its high degree of redundancy and high data transmission rate can create a good hiding medium. Several formats such as MP3 have been used in audio data steganography. Varieties of methods have been established for embedding data in digital audio. In this article, in addition to more emphasis on MPEG-1 layer III (MP3) steganography methods with thorough information about weaknesses and strengths of these techniques, we present a complete study of audio file steganography approaches.

A Robust Data Embedding Method for MPEG Layer III Audio Steganography

Mohsen Bazyar,Rubita Sudirman 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Security and Its Applicat Vol.9 No.12

A new method of MP3 steganography is proposed with emphasis on increasing the robustness of data embedding based on the MP3 statistical properties, which used Modified Discrete Cosine Transform (MDCT) to compress these properties. In order to achieve this purpose, modification of selected MDCT coefficients is done through MPEG audio compression procedure. In this algorithm, secret message is embedded directly after achievement of MDCT coefficient and before quantization step in process of MP3 encoder. It is feasible to embed some hidden data by substitution of the least significant bit of the MDCT coefficients during compression of MP3 files. The proposed algorithm performance results show considerable robustness against common audio processing attacks, especially MPEG compression with lower computational complexity compared to MP3Stego. The retrieved hidden message obtained from the algorithm has the highest quality against various steganographic attacks and different signal types which shows an excellent imperceptibility for the new algorithm.

Study Effects of the Floater Geometry on the Output Power of Ocean Wave Energy Harvester

Nahid Bazyar,Aref Afsharfard,Kyung Chun Kim 한국전산유체공학회 2022 한국전산유체공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2022 No.10

Study Effects of the Floater Geometry on the Output Power of Ocean Wave Energy Harvesters

아레프 아프샤파드,Nahid Bazyar,김경천 한국항공우주학회 2023 International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sc Vol.24 No.4

Nowadays, with increasing progress in technology and the growth of the human population, the need for energy is increasing, consequently, researchers pay more attention to renewable energies. One of these sources of energy is ocean wave energy, which has the highest energy density among other renewable energies. However, because of the low frequency of ocean waves, this source of energy gets fewer considerations in the case of vibration-based energy harvesting. In this study, heave motions of an unmoored moving floater are considered for vibration-based energy harvesting. To do so, a two-degree-of-freedom piezoelectric system is considered, and its governing equations are derived. Then, the geometry of the floater, which is used for harvesting energy from the ocean waves is studied. Finally, the effects of changing the geometry of the floater on the amount of harvested energy are studied.

Exploring the Impact of Parallel Teaching on General Language Proficiency of EFL Learners

( Mohammad Aliakbari ),( Abdonour Bazyar ) 범태평양 응용언어학회 2012 Journal of Pan-Pacific Association of Applied Ling Vol.16 No.1

Over the past few decades co-teaching has attracted due attention for enhancing learning process in educational systems. Drawing on the concept of ``parallel model``, the present study attempted to examine the extent to which this approach can affect general language proficiency of EFL learners. To this end, through a quasiexperimental study, a group of 32 second-grade students studying English in junior high school were assigned into a Control Group (CG) and an Experimental Group (EG) according to their pre-test performance. Parallel teaching by co-instructors was implanted in EG context, while for the CG the instruction was delivered by a single teacher. The results of the post-test administration revealed that difference in instruction approaches did not result in a significant difference in the subjects`` performance. Further investigation made it clear that before any attempt in its implementation, learners need to be educated and culturally prepared to benefit from such an approach.

A Single Carrier Rotating Modulation for Modular Multilevel Converter based Isolated DC-DC Converters in EV Charging Station

Jun-Hyung Jung,Sattar Bazyar,Hamzeh Beiranvand,Joao Victor Matos Farias,Marco Liserre 전력전자학회 2023 ICPE(ISPE)논문집 Vol.2023 No.-

A modular multilevel converter (MMC) based isolated DC-DC converter is an interesting topology enabling medium-voltage DC (MVDC) grid-connected EV charging stations, an efficient solution for reducing power conversion stages. In modulations applied to MMC based DC-DC converters, a quasi-two-level (Q2L) modulation is suitable for medium-frequency (MF) DC-DC conversion and can reduce stresses on a transformer due to a low dv/dt characteristic. However, attention must be paid to balancing DC capacitor voltages between the submodules (SMs), and it is hard to apply the existing methods in practice because of the complex balancing algorithm. Therefore, this paper proposes a new modulation with inherent SM DC capacitor voltage balancing for the MMC, which is used as a primary converter of MVDC isolated DC-DC converters. The proposed modulation can achieve the natural balancing of the DC capacitor voltages by rotating the SM insertion duration. In addition, improved balancing of SM capacitor voltages can be achieved by applying a controller to compensate for the effects of uncertain parameters such as capacitance tolerances. The effectiveness of the proposed modulation is verified with simulation and experimental results.

Associations between normative and self-perceived orthodontic treatment needs in young-adult dental patients

Oshagh, Morteza,Salehi, Parisa,Pakshir, Hamidreza,Bazyar, Leyla,Rakhshan, Vahid The Korean Association Of Orthodontists 2011 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.41 No.6

Objective: Our aim was to determine the correlation between dental treatment need as assessed by the components of the index of orthodontic treatment need (IOTN) and a self-evaluation questionnaire in a population selected from the dental clinics of Shiraz, Iran. Methods: The dental treatment needs of 240 participants (120 men and 120 women) were measured on the basis of the IOTN dental health component (IOTN-DHC), IOTN aesthetic component (IOTN-AC), IOTN AC determined by the examiner (IOTN-ACE), and a self-evaluation questionnaire (SEQ). The correlations between the treatment needs assessed by all the methods as well as the correlations of the treatment needs with age and gender were assessed using a Spearman's correlation coefficient (${\alpha}$ = 0.01). Results: All methods were significantly correlated ($p{\leq}0.001$). The associations of IOTN-ACE with IOTN-DHC and SEQ were moderately significant (rho = 0.49 and 0.41, respectively). The associations of IOTN-AC with IOTN-DHC and SEQ were weakly significant (rho = 0.24 and 0.35, respectively). The IOTN-DHC was moderately associated with SEQ (rho = 0.53). Gender and age were not associated with treatment needs estimated by any of the methods used ($p$ > 0.06). Conclusions: The correlations between the self-evaluation and the IOTN components in young adults were close to those reported in children, and IOTN-ACE was more reliable than IOTN-AC.

Associations between normative and self-perceived orthodontic treatment needs in young-adult dental patients

Morteza Oshagh,Parisa Salehi,Hamidreza Pakshir,Leyla Bazyar,Vahid Rakhshan 대한치과교정학회 2011 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.41 No.6

Objective: Our aim was to determine the correlation between dental treatment need as assessed by the components of the index of orthodontic treatment need (IOTN) and a self-evaluation questionnaire in a population selected from the dental clinics of Shiraz, Iran. Methods: The dental treatment needs of 240 participants (120 men and 120 women) were measured on the basis of the IOTN dental health component (IOTN-DHC), IOTN aesthetic component (IOTN-AC), IOTN AC determined by the examiner (IOTN-ACE), and a self-evaluation questionnaire (SEQ). The correlations between the treatment needs assessed by all the methods as well as the correlations of the treatment needs with age and gender were assessed using a Spearman’s correlation coefficient (α = 0.01). Results: All methods were significantly correlated (p ≤ 0.001). The associations of IOTN-ACE with IOTN-DHC and SEQ were moderately significant (rho = 0.49 and 0.41, respectively). The associations of IOTN-AC with IOTN-DHC and SEQ were weakly significant (rho = 0.24 and 0.35, respectively). The IOTN-DHC was moderately associated with SEQ (rho = 0.53). Gender and age were not associated with treatment needs estimated by any of the methods used (p > 0.06). Conclusions: The correlations between the self-evaluation and the IOTN components in young adults were close to those reported in children, and IOTN-ACE was more reliable than IOTN-AC. (Korean J Orthod 2011;41(6):440-446)