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아동들의 인지를 바탕으로 한 수학 교수: 미국의 Cognitively Guided Instruction의 소개
백재민,Baek Jae Meen The Korea Society of Educational Studies in Mathem 2004 수학교육학연구 Vol.14 No.4
Cognitively Guided Instruction (CGI) is one of the most successful professional development programs for elementary mathematics teachers in US. This article introduces its theoretical background, research-based framework of addition and subtraction work, and how the program has been disseminated. Carpenter and Fennema started CGI aiming to develop a professional development program that focused on research knowledge of children"s thinking. Their goal was. to bring a significant change in teaching by helping teachers understand how children think mathematically. This 3-year NSF funded project grew to be 11-year long, and a number of publications have reported consistent successful learning and teaching by CGI students and teachers compared to counterparts throughout US. CGI′s success by focusing on improving teachers′ knowledge of children′s thinking offers possible opportunities for teacher educators to re-conceptualize teacher education in Korea.
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Immune-enhancing Oral supplement after Gastric Cancer Surgery
( Eunmi Gil ),( Dae Sang Lee ),( Chi Min Park ),( Jeong Meen Seo ),( Min Gew Choi ),( Jun Ho Lee ),( Tae Sung Sohn ),( Jae Moon Bae ),( Sung Kim ),( Miyong Rha ),( Soyoung Yu ),( Ji Won Baek ) 한국정맥경장영양학회 2015 한국정맥경장영양학회 학술대회집 Vol.2015 No.-
Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of immune-enhancing oral supplement including glutamine, arginine, and leucine on the immunological change after gastric cancer surgery. Methods: Patients undergoing subtotal gastrectomy were randomized to control and study group. Study group received immune-enhancing supplement including glutamine, arginine, and leucine (Curact®) and control group received placebo supplement including same calories dextrose. Postoperative supplements were started at the postoperative day (POD) 7th and continued for 3 weeks after discharge. Immunological data were collected included count of White blood cell (WBC), C-reactive protein (CRP), immunoglobulin (Ig), CD4, and CD8 at preoperative, POD 5th and POD 28th, respectively. Nutritional data were collected included albumin, prealbumin, cholesterol, and patient-generated subjective global assessment (PG-SGA). Results: 60 patients were randomized, of whom 15 patients were dropped and 45 patients were analyzed (control 23 patients, study 22 patients). Characteristics, nutrition and immune related factors at preoperative and POD 5th were not different between two groups. At POD 28th, mean CRP and count of WBC were significantly lower in study group, and mean level of Ig M was significantly higher in study group than the control group (137.9 vs. 108.7, p=0.021). Ig G, CD4 and CD8 tended to be preserved in the study group, however, there was no statistical difference between two groups. PG-SGA became significantly worse after surgery in both group, however there was no difference between two groups. Conclusions: Immune-enhancing oral supplement might have positive effect on immune preservation and decreasing inflammation after gastric cancer surgery.
ScienceON
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