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Improved fission neutron energy discrimination with <sup>4</sup>He detectors through pulse filtering
Zhu, Ting,Liang, Yinong,Rolison, Lucas,Barker, Cathleen,Lewis, Jason,Gokhale, Sasmit,Chandra, Rico,Kiff, Scott,Chung, Heejun,Ray, Heather,Baciak, James E.,Enqvist, Andreas,Jordan, Kelly A. Elsevier 2017 Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research. Vol.848 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This paper presents experimental and computational techniques implemented for <SUP>4</SUP>He gas scintillation detectors for induced fission neutron detection. Fission neutrons are produced when natural uranium samples are actively interrogated by 2.45MeV deuterium-deuterium fusion reaction neutrons. Fission neutrons of energies greater than 2.45MeV can be distinguished by their different scintillation pulse height spectra since <SUP>4</SUP>He detectors retain incident fast neutron energy information. To enable the preferential detection of fast neutrons up to 10MeV and suppress low-energy event counts, the detector photomultiplier gain is lowered and trigger threshold is increased. Pile-up and other unreliable events due to the interrogating neutron flux and background radiation are filtered out prior to the evaluation of pulse height spectra. With these problem-specific calibrations and data processing, the <SUP>4</SUP>He detector's accuracy at discriminating fission neutrons up to 10MeV is improved and verified with <SUP>252</SUP>Cf spontaneous fission neutrons. Given the <SUP>4</SUP>He detector's ability to differentiate fast neutron sources, this proof-of-concept active-interrogation measurement demonstrates the potential of special nuclear materials detection using a <SUP>4</SUP>He fast neutron detection system.</P>