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High-Resolution Simulations for Vietnam - Methodology and Evaluation of Current Climate
Jack Katzfey,Kim Nguyen,John McGregor,Peter Hoffmann,Suppiah Ramasamy,Hiep Van Nguyen,Mai Van Khiem,Thang Van Nguyen,Kien Ba Truong,Thang Van Vu,Hien Thuan Nguyen,Tran Thuc,Doan Ha Phong,Bang Thanh Ng 한국기상학회 2016 Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences Vol.52 No.2
To assist the government of Vietnam in its efforts to better understand the impacts of climate change and prioritise its adaptation measures, dynamically downscaled climate change projections were produced across Vietnam. Two Regional Climate Models (RCMs) were used: CSIRO’s variable-resolution Conformal-Cubic Atmospheric Model (CCAM) and the limited-area model Regional Climate Model system version 4.2 (RegCM4.2). First, global CCAM simulations were completed using bias- and variance-corrected sea surface temperatures as well as sea ice concentrations from six Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) global climate models. This approach is different from other downscaling approaches as it does not use any atmospheric fields from the GCMs. The global CCAM simulations were then further downscaled to 10 km using CCAM and to 20 km using RegCM4.2. Evaluations of temperature and precipitation for the current climate (1980-2000) were completed using station data as well as various gridded observational datasets. The RCMs were able to reproduce reasonably well most of the important characteristics of observed spatial patterns and annual cycles of temperature. Average and minimum temperatures were well simulated (biases generally less than 1oC), while maximum temperatures had biases of around 1oC. For precipitation, although the RCMs captured the annual cycle, RegCM4.2 was too dry in Oct.-Nov. (−60% bias), while CCAM was too wet in Dec.- Mar. (130% bias). Both models were too dry in summer and too wet in winter (especially in northern Vietnam). The ability of the ensemble simulations to capture current climate increases confidence in the simulations of future climate.
Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity of Saponins Isolated from Vernonia gratiosa Hance
Cong Pham Van,Anh Hoang Le Tuan,Vinh Le Ba,Han Yoo Kyong,Trung Nguyen Quang,Minh Bui Quang,Duc Ngo Viet,Ngoc Tran Minh,Hien Nguyen Thi Thu,Manh Hoang Duc,Lien Le Thi,Lee Ki Yong 한국미생물·생명공학회 2023 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.33 No.6
Species belonging to the Vernonia (Asteraceae), the largest genus in the tribe Vernonieae (consisting of about 1,000 species), are widely used in food and medicine. These plants are rich sources of bioactive sesquiterpene lactones and steroid saponins, likely including many as yet undiscovered chemical components. A phytochemical investigation resulted in the separation of three new stigmastane-type steroidal saponins (1 – 3), designated as vernogratiosides A–C, from whole plants of V. gratiosa. Their structures were elucidated based on infrared spectroscopy (IR), one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D NMR), high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS), and electronic circular dichroism analyses (ECD), as well as chemical reactivity. Molecular docking analysis of representative saponins with αglucosidase inhibitory activity was performed. Additionally, the intended substances were tested for their ability to inhibit α-glucosidase activity in a laboratory setting. The results suggested that stigmastane-type steroidal saponins from V. gratiosa are promising candidate antidiabetic agents.