http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Recent developments in G<small>EANT</small>4
Allison, J.,Amako, K.,Apostolakis, J.,Arce, P.,Asai, M.,Aso, T.,Bagli, E.,Bagulya, A.,Banerjee, S.,Barrand, G.,Beck, B.R.,Bogdanov, A.G.,Brandt, D.,Brown, J.M.C.,Burkhardt, H.,Canal, Ph.,Cano-Ott, D. Elsevier 2016 Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research. Vol.835 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>G<SMALL>EANT</SMALL>4 is a software toolkit for the simulation of the passage of particles through matter. It is used by a large number of experiments and projects in a variety of application domains, including high energy physics, astrophysics and space science, medical physics and radiation protection. Over the past several years, major changes have been made to the toolkit in order to accommodate the needs of these user communities, and to efficiently exploit the growth of computing power made available by advances in technology. The adaptation of G<SMALL>EANT</SMALL>4 to multithreading, advances in physics, detector modeling and visualization, extensions to the toolkit, including biasing and reverse Monte Carlo, and tools for physics and release validation are discussed here.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Multithreading resulted in a smaller memory footprint and nearly linear speed-up. </LI> <LI> Scoring options, faster geometry primitives, more versatile visualization were added. </LI> <LI> Improved electromagnetic and hadronic models and cross sections were developed. </LI> <LI> Reverse Monte Carlo and general biasing methods were added. </LI> <LI> Physics validation efforts were expanded and new validation tools were added. </LI> </UL> </P>
ENHANCEMENT OF FERROMAGNETISM IN NANOCRYSTALLINE Zn_(1-x)Cu_xO (0.03 ≤ x ≤ 0.07)
JYOSHNARANI MOHAPATRA,D. K. MISHRA,P. K. MISHRA,B. P. BAG,S. K. SINGH 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2011 NANO Vol.6 No.4
We report room temperature ferromagnetism (RTFM) in nanocrystalline Zn1-xCuxO (0.03 ≤ x ≤ 0.07) materials synthesized by autocombustion technique. The average particle sizes are in the range of 60 nm. The saturation magnetization and coercivity of 7% Cu-doped ZnO is enhanced significantly in comparison to 3% and 5% Cu-doped ZnO. There is not much variation in the optical band gap due to Cu doping, thus suggesting the uniform distribution of Cu in the ZnO matrix. Micro-Raman and photoluminescence analysis predict the presence of clusters of oxygen vacancies in Cu-doped system which improves with the increase in Cu concentration. This study provides further evidence that oxygen vacancies play an important role in the enhancement of room temperature ferromagnetic property in Cu-doped ZnO.