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Risk factors for intensive care unit admission and mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients
Ayaz Ahmed,Arshad Ainan,Malik Hajra,Ali Haris,Hussain Erfan,Jamil Bushra 대한중환자의학회 2020 Acute and Critical Care Vol.35 No.4
Background: This study investigated the clinical features and outcome of hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients admitted to our quaternary care hospital. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we included all adult patients with COVID-19 infection admitted to a quaternary care hospital in Pakistan from March 1 to April 15, 2020. The extracted variables included demographics, comorbidities, presenting symptoms, laboratory tests and radiological findings during admission. Outcome measures included in-hospital mortality and length of stay. Results: Sixty-six COVID-19 patients were hospitalized during the study period. Sixty-one percent were male and 39% female; mean age was 50.6±19.1 years. Fever and cough were the most common presenting symptoms. Serial chest X-rays showed bilateral pulmonary opacities in 33 (50%) patients. The overall mortality was 14% and mean length of stay was 8.4±8.9 days. Ten patients (15%) required intensive care unit (ICU) care during admission, of which six (9%) were intubated. Age ≥60 years, diabetes, ischemic heart disease, ICU admission, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio ≥3.3, and international normalized ratio ≥1.2 were associated with increased risk of mortality. Conclusions: We found a mortality rate of 14% in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. COVID-19 cases are still increasing exponentially around the world and may overwhelm healthcare systems in many countries soon. Our findings can be used for early identification of patients who may require intensive care and aggressive management in order to improve outcomes.
Ayaz Ahmed, K.B.,Subramanian, S.,Sivasubramanian, A.,Veerappan, G.,Veerappan, A. Pergamon 2014 Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomole Vol.130 No.-
The current study deals with the synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using Salicornia brachiata (Sb) and evaluation of their antibacterial and catalytic activity. The SbAuNPs showed purple color with a characteristic surface plasmon resonance peak at 532nm. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy revealed polydispersed AuNPs with the size range from 22 to 35nm. Energy dispersive X-ray and thin layer X-ray diffraction analysis clearly shows that SbAuNPs was pure and crystalline in nature. As prepared gold nanoparticles was used as a catalyst for the sodium borohydride reduction of 4-nitro phenol to 4-amino phenol and methylene blue to leucomethylene blue. The green synthesized nanoparticles exhibited potent antibacterial activity against the pathogenic bacteria, as evidenced by their zone of inhibition. In addition, we showed that the SbAuNPs in combination with the regular antibiotic, ofloxacin, exhibit superior antibacterial activity than the individual.
( Ayaz Anwar ),( Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui ),( Muhammad Raza Shah ),( Naveed Ahmed Khan ) 한국미생물생명공학회(구 한국산업미생물학회) 2019 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.29 No.5
Acanthamoeba castellanii belonging to the T4 genotype may cause a fatal brain infection known as granulomatous amoebic encephalitis, and the vision-threatening eye infection Acanthamoeba keratitis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antiamoebic effects of three clinically available antidiabetic drugs, Glimepiride, Vildagliptin and Repaglinide, against A. castellanii belonging to the T4 genotype. Furthermore, we attempted to conjugate these drugs with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) to enhance their antiamoebic effects. Amoebicidal, encystation, excystation, and host cell cytotoxicity assays were performed to unravel any antiacanthamoebic effects. Vildagliptin conjugated silver nanoparticles (Vgt-AgNPs) characterized by spectroscopic techniques and atomic force microscopy were synthesized. All three drugs showed antiamoebic effects against A. castellanii and significantly blocked the encystation. These drugs also showed significant cysticidal effects and reduced host cell cytotoxicity caused by A. castellanii. Moreover, Vildagliptin-coated silver nanoparticles were successfully synthesized and are shown to enhance its antiacanthamoebic potency at significantly reduced concentration. The repurposed application of the tested antidiabetic drugs and their nanoparticles against free-living amoeba such as Acanthamoeba castellanii described here is a novel outcome that holds tremendous potential for future applications against devastating infection.
( Ayaz Anwar ),( Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui ),( Muhammad Raza Shah ),( Naveed Ahmed Khan ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2019 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.29 No.1
Parasitic infections have remained a significant burden on human and animal health. In part, this is due to lack of clinically-approved, novel antimicrobials and a lack of interest by the pharmaceutical industry. An alternative approach is to modify existing clinically-approved drugs for efficient delivery formulations to ensure minimum inhibitory concentration is achieved at the target site. Nanotechnology offers the potential to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of drugs through modification of nanoparticles with ligands. Amphotericin B, nystatin, and fluconazole are clinically available drugs in the treatment of amoebal and fungal infections. These drugs were conjugated with gold nanoparticles. To characterize these goldconjugated drug, atomic force microscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were performed. These drugs and their gold nanoconjugates were examined for antimicrobial activity against the protist pathogen, Acanthamoeba castellanii of the T4 genotype. Moreover, host cell cytotoxicity assays were accomplished. Cytotoxicity of these drugs and drug-conjugated gold nanoparticles was also determined by lactate dehydrogenase assay. Gold nanoparticles conjugation resulted in enhanced bioactivity of all three drugs with amphotericin B producing the most significant effects against Acanthamoeba castellanii (p < 0.05). In contrast, bare gold nanoparticles did not exhibit antimicrobial potency. Furthermore, amoebae treated with drugs-conjugated gold nanoparticles showed reduced cytotoxicity against HeLa cells. In this report, we demonstrated the use of nanotechnology to modify existing clinically-approved drugs and enhance their efficacy against pathogenic amoebae. Given the lack of development of novel drugs, this is a viable approach in the treatment of neglected diseases.
Enhancement in Isolation among Collinearly Placed Microstrip Patch Antenna Arrays
Irfan Ali, Tunio,Hernan, Dellamaggiora,Umair, Saeed,Ayaz Ahmed, Hoshu,Ghulam, Hussain International Journal of Computer ScienceNetwork S 2023 International journal of computer science and netw Vol.23 No.1
Strong surface waves among collinearly arranged patch antenna arrays pose unwanted inter element coupling particularly when high permittivity dielectric materials are used. In order to avert those waves, a novel Defected Ground Structure (DGS) is carved out systematically between two E-plane patch antenna elements. The introduced low profile μ shaped structure consequently improves impedance bandwidth and reflection coefficient by suppressing surface waves considerably. Parametric simulation results are analyzed and discussed.
A Review of Structural Testing Methods for ASIC based AI Accelerators
Umair, Saeed,Irfan Ali, Tunio,Majid, Hussain,Fayaz Ahmed, Memon,Ayaz Ahmed, Hoshu,Ghulam, Hussain International Journal of Computer ScienceNetwork S 2023 International journal of computer science and netw Vol.23 No.1
Implementing conventional DFT solution for arrays of DNN accelerators having large number of processing elements (PEs), without considering architectural characteristics of PEs may incur overwhelming test overheads. Recent DFT based techniques have utilized the homogeneity and dataflow of arrays at PE-level and Core-level for obtaining reduction in; test pattern volume, test time, test power and ATPG runtime. This paper reviews these contemporary test solutions for ASIC based DNN accelerators. Mainly, the proposed test architectures, pattern application method with their objectives are reviewed. It is observed that exploitation of architectural characteristic such as homogeneity and dataflow of PEs/ arrays results in reduced test overheads.
Hermann Marius Feumo Feusso,Hermann Marius Feumo Feusso,Hermine Laure Maza Djomkam,Carine Mvot Akak,Mehreen Lateef,Ayaz Ahmed,Anatole Guy Blaise Azebaze,Alain François Kamdem Waffo,Muhammad Shaiq Ali 한국생약학회 2020 Natural Product Sciences Vol.26 No.4
The chemical investigation of the methanolic crude extract of leaves of Diospyros iturensis gave us 15 known secondary metabolites identified as mixture of α-amyrenone (1) and β-amyrenone (2), b-amyrin (3), mixture of β-sitosterol (4) and stigmasterol (5), betulin (6), uvaol (7), betulinic acid (8), ursolic acid (9), corosolic acid (10), actinidic acid (11),11-O-p-hydroxybenzoylbergenin (12), bergenin (13) and mixture of stigmasterol glucoside (14) and β-sitosterol glucoside (15) respectively. The structures of secondary metabolites were elucidated with the help of NMR and mass spectral data and by comparison of their spectral data with literature. Among the fifteen isolated compounds, four compounds were identified for the first time in Diospyros genus. These included uvaol (7), corosolic acid (10), actinidic acid (11) and 11-O-p-hydroxybenzoylbergenin (12). Crude methanolic extract of leaves and four isolated compounds including betulin (6), betulinic acid (8), 11-O-p-hydroxybenzoylbergenin (12) and bergenin (13) were evaluated for their antiproliferative activity against two cancer cell lines CAL-27 and NCI-H460 by the MTT assay, antioxidant potential and inhibitory activity against the lipoxygenase and urease enzymes, respectively. The results indicated that the methanolic crude extract of leaves exhibited moderate antioxidant activity and was inactive against the two cancer cell lines. Betulin (6), 11-O-p-hydroxybenzoylbergenin (12) and bergenin (13) exhibited moderate antioxidant and lipoxygenase inhibition with IC50 = 65.8, 85.6, 82.5 µM and IC50 = 58.5, 95.2, 76.2 µM, respectively. Furthermore, 11-O-p-hydroxyben- zoylbergenin (12) and bergenin (13) exhibited moderate urease inhibition activity with IC50 values of 45.6 µM and 49.8 µM, respectively.