The Interaction of Cytokine and Glucocorticoid in the Programmed Cell Death of Eosinophils

Her, Erk,Austen, K. Frank 中央醫學社 1996 中央醫學 Vol.61 No.12

The in vitro viability and the physical and functional phenotype of human peripheral blood eosinophils are regulated by the action of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor(GM -CSF), interleukin-3(IL-3), and IL-5. In the idiopathic hypereosinophils syndrome and the tryptophan-associated eosinophilia/myalgia syndrome, the presence of hypodence eosinophils in the blood is associated with excessive serum levels of IL-5. The aim of study was to characterize, and to utilize this model cell system to determine the endothelial cell-mediated interactions of IL-1 and dexamethasone on eosinophil viability. GMCSF was established as the constitutive and elicited human umbilical vein endothelial cell-derived eosinophil viability-sustaining factor. Stimulation of endothelium cell monolayers with interleukin-1 (IL-1 ; 5 U/ml) increased the 48-h elaboration of GM-CSF from a mean of 3.2 to a mean of 8.2 pM(p <0.05). Dexamethasone(100 nM) decreased the constitutive GM-CSF elaboration by 49%(p<0.001) but did not diminish production by IL-1-stimulated endothelium. However, eosinophil viability decreased by 21% in dexamethasone-pretreated IL-l-stimulated endothelial cell-conditioned medium(p <0.05), which suggested viability antagonism by glucocorticoids. After 24h of culture, eosinoph1 l viability for replicate cells in enriched medium alone or with l pm GM -CSF decreased from means of 43 and 75 % to means of 21 and 54%, respectively, when dexamethasone was induced(p <0.05). However, 10 pM GM-CSF, IL-3, or IL-5 protected the cells against dexamethasone and against endonucleasesspecific DNA fragmentation. In this model system of eosinophil-tissue interactions, dexamethasone prevents the endothelial cells from inducing a pathologic phenotypic change in the eosinophil by suppression of GM-CSF elaboration to concentration that are not cytoprotective. Cytokine priming by GM-CSF, IL-3, or IL-5 may account for the differential responsiveness of eosinophillic disorders to glucocorticoids.

The interaction of cytokine and glucocorticoid in the programmed cell death of esinophils

Erk Her,Frank Austen 대한천식 및 알레르기학회 ( 구 대한알레르기학회 ) 1995 춘계학술대회 초록집 Vol.1995 No.-

Comparison of Value per Operative Time between Primary and Revision Surgery for Adult Spinal Deformity: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis

Song Junho,Katz Austen David,Silber Jeff,Essig David,Qureshi Sheeraz Ahmed,Virk Sohrab 대한척추외과학회 2023 Asian Spine Journal Vol.17 No.3

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.Purpose: To compare the relative value units (RVUs) per minute of operative time between primary and revision surgery for adult spinal deformity (ASD).Overview of Literature: Surgery for ASD is technically demanding and has high risks of complications and revision rates. This common need for additional surgery can increase the overall cost of care for ASD. RVU is used to calculate reimbursement from Medicare and to determine physician payments nationally. In calculating RVUs, the physician’s work, the expenses of the physician’s practice, and professional liability insurance. Cost effectiveness of surgeries for ASD have been evaluated, except for RVUs per minute compared between primary and revision surgery.Methods: Data were obtained from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database. Patients aged ≥18 years who underwent surgery for spinal deformity between 2011 and 2019 were identified and included. To ensure a homogenous patient cohort, those who underwent anterior-only and concurrent anterior-posterior fusions were excluded. Propensity score matching analysis was performed, and Mann-Whitney U test, Pearson chi-square test, or Fisher’s exact test were used to compare matched cohorts as appropriate.Results: A total of 326 patients who underwent revision surgery were matched with 206 primary surgery patients via propensity score matching. Demographic characteristics, comorbidities, preoperative laboratory values, and readmission and reoperation rates were not significantly different between groups. The revision surgery group had significantly higher mean RVUs per minute than that of the primary surgery group (0.331 vs. 0.249, p <0.001), as well as rates of morbidity and blood transfusion.Conclusions: Compared to primary surgery, revision surgery for ASD is associated with significantly higher RVUs per minute and total RVUs and higher rates of 30-day morbidity and blood transfusions. Readmission and reoperation rates are similar between surgeries.

Comparative Analysis of 30-Day Readmission, Reoperation, and Morbidity between Posterior Cervical Decompression and Fusion Performed in Inpatient and Outpatient Settings

Song Junho,Katz Austen David,Perfetti Dean,Job Alan,Morris Matthew,Virk Sohrab,Silber Jeff,Essig David 대한척추외과학회 2023 Asian Spine Journal Vol.17 No.1

Study Design: A retrospective cohort study. Purpose: To compare 30-day readmission, reoperation, and morbidity for patients undergoing posterior cervical decompression and fusion (PCDF) in inpatient vs. outpatient settings. Overview of Literature: PCDF has recently been increasingly performed in outpatient settings, often utilizing minimally invasive techniques. However, literature evaluating short-term outcomes for PCDF is scarce. Moreover, no currently large-scale database studies have compared short-term outcomes between PCDF performed in the inpatient and outpatient settings. Methods: Patients who underwent PCDF from 2005 to 2018 were identified using the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database. Regression analysis was utilized to compare primary outcomes between surgical settings and evaluate for predictors thereof. Results: We identified 8,912 patients. Unadjusted analysis revealed that outpatients had lower readmission (4.7% vs. 8.8%, p=0.020), reoperation (1.7% vs. 3.8%, p=0.038), and morbidity (4.5% vs. 11.2%, p<0.001) rates. After adjusting for baseline differences, readmission, reoperation, and morbidity no longer statistically differed between surgical settings. Outpatients had lower operative time (126 minutes vs. 179 minutes) and levels fused (1.8 vs. 2.2) (p<0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that age (p=0.008; odds ratio [OR], 1.012), weight loss (p=0.045; OR, 2.444), and increased creatinine (p<0.001; OR, 2.233) independently predicted readmission. The American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification of ≥3 predicted reoperation (p=0.028; OR, 1.406). Rehabilitation discharge (p<0.001; OR, 1.412), ASA-class of ≥3 (p=0.008; OR, 1.296), decreased hematocrit (p<0.001; OR, 1.700), and operative time (p<0.001; OR, 1.005) predicted morbidity. Conclusions: The 30-day outcomes were statistically similar between surgical settings, indicating that PCDF can be safely performed as an outpatient procedure. Surrogates for poor health predicted negative outcomes. These results are particularly important as we continue to shift spinal surgery to outpatient centers. This importance has been highlighted by the need to unburden inpatient sites, particularly during public health emergencies, such as the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.

CHARGE TRANSPORT THROUGH CARBON NANOTUBE OR FULLERENE–MOLECULE–SILICON JUNCTIONS

FU-REN F. FAN,BO CHEN,AUSTEN K. FLATT,JAMES M. TOUR,ALLEN J. BARD 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2007 NANO Vol.2 No.5

We report here the current–voltage (i–V) characteristics of several (n++-Si/MNOPE/C60/Pt-tip) or (n++-Si/MNOPE/SWCNT/Pt-tip) junctions, where MNOPE = 2'-mononitro-4, 4'-bis(phenylethynyl)-1-phenylenediazonium and SWCNT = single wall carbon nanotube. A layer of C60 or SWCNT-derivatized MNOPE has strong effect on the i–V behavior of the junctions, including rectification, negative differential resistance (NDR) and switching behaviors. The i–V curve of a grafted molecular monolayer (GMM) of MNOPE atop n++-Si shows NDR behavior, whereas those of C60- and SWCNT-derivatized GMMs of MNOPE on n++-Si show strong rectifying behavior with opposite rectification polarities. With C60, larger currents were found with negative tip bias, while with SWCNT, the forward top bias was positive. Because C60 tends to be a good electron acceptor and SWCNTs tend to be good electron donors, they show different i–V behavior, as observed. Some of the (n++-Si/MNOPE/SWCNT/Pt-tip) junctions also show reversible bistable switching behavior.