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RISS 인기검색어
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- 저자 : Attfield, Martin P. (검색결과 5 건)
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캐더린 애트필드(Kathleen Attfield) 대한여성건강학회 2007 여성건강 Vol.8 No.2
With breast cancer ranking as the most common invasive cancer in women worldwide and rates increasing recently in South Korea, greater attention is being drawn to how environmental factors may be affecting risk. This speech addresses the evidence behind the environmental hypothesis of breast cancer, including the contributions of environmental carcinogens, endocrine disruptors, and developmental toxicants. Research from the Silent Spring Institute in Massachusetts, USA has revealed the pervasiveness of every day exposures to endocrine disruptors in indoor air and dust and groundwater, likely coming from commonplace consumer products. Epidemiological studies of environmental pollutants and breast cancer, a comparatively new line of inquiry, are beginning to show a connection to common air pollutants (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)), organic solvents, and PCBs, especially when gene-environment interactions are considered. These developments highlight how the reduction of widespread exposures could reap substantial public health benefits due to the considerable prevalence of breast cancer.
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Sustainable wastewater treatment and recycling in membrane manufacturing
Razali, Mayamin,Kim, Jeong F.,Attfield, Martin,Budd, Peter M.,Drioli, Enrico,Lee, Young Moo,Szekely, Gyorgy The Royal Society of Chemistry 2015 GREEN CHEMISTRY Vol.17 No.12
<P>It is widely accepted that membrane technology is a green and sustainable process; however, it is not well known that the membrane fabrication process itself is quite far from green, with more than 50 billion liters of wastewater being generated every year contaminated with toxic solvents such as DMF and NMP. This urgent challenge is often overlooked and recent attempts to improve the sustainability of membrane fabrication have been limited to the replacement of toxic solvents with greener alternatives. Our recent survey from membrane industries indicates that such wastewater contributes to more than 95% of the total waste generated during the membrane fabrication process, and their disposal is considered cumbersome. Hence, recycling wastewater in the membrane industry is a pressing challenge to be resolved to augment the rapidly growing membrane market. In this work, a continuous wastewater treatment process is proposed and the quality of the recycled water was validated through membrane fabrication and performance tests. Seven different classes of adsorbents—graphene, polymers with intrinsic microporosity, imprinted polymers, zeolites, metal organic frameworks, activated carbon, and resins—were evaluated. The isotherm and kinetic behaviors of the best adsorbents have been fully characterized and the adsorbent regenerability without any performance loss has been confirmed for up to 10 wastewater treatment cycles. It has been demonstrated that over 99% of the organic impurities in the wastewater can be successfully removed and the recycled water can be reused without adverse effects on the final membrane performance. The proposed wastewater treatment technique can reduce the process mass intensity (PMI) of membrane fabrication by 99.9% per m<SUP>2</SUP> of the membrane produced. The required energy duty for different regeneration methods and wastewater treatment methods revealed that the adsorption technology is the most effective method, with the lowest energy requirement of about 1200 kJ per m<SUP>2</SUP> of the membrane produced.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Tackling the wastewater challenge in polymer membrane manufacturing with a continuous adsorption process. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c5gc01937k'> </P>
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The Verwey Phase of Magnetite - a Long-running Mystery in Magnetism
Mark S. Senn,Jon P. Wright,J. Paul Attfield 한국물리학회 2013 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.62 No.10
Magnetite (Fe3O4) is the original magnetic material and the parent of ferrite magnets, with modern applications ranging from spintronics to MRI contrast agents. At ambient temperatures magnetite has a cubic spinel-type crystal structure, but it undergoes a complex structural distortion and becomes electrically insulating below the 125 K Verwey transition. The electronic ground state of the Verwey phase has been unclear for over 70 years as the low temperature structure was unknown, but the full superstructure was recently determined by high energy microcrystal x-ray diffraction. An analysis of 168 frozen phonon modes in the acentric (and hence multiferroic)low temperature magnetite structure is presented here. Differences between the amplitudes of centric and acentric branches of , X and W modes all contribute to the significant off-center atomic distortions in the low temperature structure.
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Electronic structure design for nanoporous, electrically conductive zeolitic imidazolate frameworks
Butler, Keith T.,Worrall, Stephen D.,Molloy, Christopher D.,Hendon, Christopher H.,Attfield, Martin P.,Dryfe, Robert A. W.,Walsh, Aron Royal Society of Chemistry 2017 Journal of Materials Chemistry C Vol.5 No.31
<▼1><P>Electronic structure calculations are used to develop design rules for enhanced electrical conductivity in zeolitic imidazolate frameworks.</P></▼1><▼2><P>Electronic structure calculations are used to develop design rules for enhanced electrical conductivity in zeolitic imidazolate frameworks. The electrical resistivity of Co<SUP>2+</SUP> based zeolitic imidazolate frameworks has previously been found to be ∼1000 times lower than that of Zn<SUP>2+</SUP> based materials. The electrical conductivity of the frameworks can also be tuned by ligand molecule selection. Using density functional theory calculations, this controllable electrical conductivity is explained in terms of tuneable conduction band edge character, with calculations revealing the improved hybridisation and extended band character of the Co<SUP>2+</SUP> frameworks. The improvements in the methylimidazolate frameworks are understood in terms of improved frontier orbital matching between metal and ligand. The modular tuneability and previously demonstrated facile synthesis provides a route to rational design of stable framework materials for electronic applications. By outlining these design principles we provide a route to the future development of stable, electrically conductive zeolitic imidazolate frameworks.</P></▼2>
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R.S. Liu,T.S. Chan,S. Mylswamy,G.Y. Guo,J.M. Chen,J.P. Attfield 한국물리학회 2008 Current Applied Physics Vol.8 No.1
The chemical pressure control in (Sr2. xCax)FeMoO6 (06 x 6 2.0) with double perovskite structure has been investigated systemat-x = 0 and x = 2.0. The increasing Ca con-tent in (Sr2. xCax)FeMoO6 samples increases the magnetic moment close to the theoretical value due to reduction of Fe/Mo anti-sitedisorder. An increasing Ca content results in increasing (Fe2+ +Mo6+)/(Fe3+ +Mo5+) band overlap rather than bandwidth changes.This is explained from simple ionic size arguments and is supported by X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectra and bandstructure calculations.
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