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FXR Regulates Intestinal Cancer Stem Cell Proliferation
Fu, Ting,Coulter, Sally,Yoshihara, Eiji,Oh, Tae Gyu,Fang, Sungsoon,Cayabyab, Fritz,Zhu, Qiyun,Zhang, Tong,Leblanc, Mathias,Liu, Sihao,He, Mingxiao,Waizenegger, Wanda,Gasser, Emanuel,Schnabl, Bernd,Atk Elsevier 2019 Cell Vol.176 No.5
<P><B>Summary</B></P> <P>Increased levels of intestinal bile acids (BAs) are a risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC). Here, we show that the convergence of dietary factors (high-fat diet) and dysregulated WNT signaling (APC mutation) alters BA profiles to drive malignant transformations in Lgr5-expressing (Lgr5<SUP>+</SUP>) cancer stem cells and promote an adenoma-to-adenocarcinoma progression. Mechanistically, we show that BAs that antagonize intestinal farnesoid X receptor (FXR) function, including tauro-β-muricholic acid (T-βMCA) and deoxycholic acid (DCA), induce proliferation and DNA damage in Lgr5<SUP>+</SUP> cells. Conversely, selective activation of intestinal FXR can restrict abnormal Lgr5<SUP>+</SUP> cell growth and curtail CRC progression. This unexpected role for FXR in coordinating intestinal self-renewal with BA levels implicates FXR as a potential therapeutic target for CRC.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Genetic and dietary risk factors for colorectal cancer converge on the BA-FXR axis </LI> <LI> FXR controls proliferating Lgr5<SUP>+</SUP> intestinal stem cells </LI> <LI> FXR agonists curtail colorectal cancer progression </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical Abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
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