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Levels of Depression and Anxiety Post-Mastectomy in Breast Cancer Patients at a Public Sector Hospital in Karachi

Khan, Sara,Khan, Naveed Ali,Rehman, Ata Ur,Khan, Iqra,Samo, Khursheed A,Memon, Amjad Siraj Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.3
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Background: There is a noticeable change in the approach with which women nowadays seek help for diseases like breast cancer, primarily due to awareness campaigns, but what happens after surgical procedures is of great significance too. This study focused on the several psychological connotations attached to mastectomy and how the patients cope. Objective: To understand the pattern of anxiety and level of depression among Pakistani patients undergoing mastectomy. Materials and Methods: The sample size consisted of 88 patients who had undergone mastectomy at the different surgical units of the Civil Hospital, Karachi, from January 2012-December 2014; The questionnaire was administered before they were discharged i.e. within 3 days of surgical procedures. The patients were asked if they were willing to participate in this study, those who agreed signed the consent form and then we preceded by asking questions with a standardized tool. A self made questionnaire was constructed keeping in mind the nature and specification of the disease, which consisted of 20 questions related to anxiety and depression, focusing on a mixture of psychological and physiological symptoms. Results: There were a total of 88 patients out of which 36 (41%) were aged 51 to 60 years, 24 (27.2%) of the patients were in the age category of 41 to 50 years, 17 aged 61 and above (19.3%) and only 11 (12.5%) 30-40 years of age, the youngest of all the age categories. The pattern of depression and anxiety was found to be similar among all age categories, severe depression and anxiety predominating over moderate level of such symptoms, with only relatively few patients sufering mild or no depression symptoms. Conclusions: It was concluded that going through mastectomy leads to moderate to severe levels of depression and anxiety, primarily because the females feel incomplete and insecure after losing a part of themselves.
2
Smart Real-Time Video Surveillance Platform for Drowsiness Detection Based on Eyelid Closure

Tayab Khan, Muhammad,Anwar, Hafeez,Ullah, Farman,Ur Rehman, Ata,Ullah, Rehmat,Iqbal, Asif,Lee, Bok-Hee,Kwak, Kyung Sup WILEY INTERSCIENCE 2019 WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS AND MOBILE COMPUTING Vol.2019 No.-
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We propose drowsiness detection in real-time surveillance videos by determining if a person’s eyes are open or closed. As a first step, the face of the subject is detected in the image. In the detected face, the eyes are localized and filtered with an extended Sobel operator to detect the curvature of the eyelids. Once the curves are detected, concavity is used to tell whether the eyelids are closed or open. Consequently, a concave upward curve means the eyelid is closed whereas a concave downwards curve means the eye is open. The proposed method is also implemented on hardware in order to be used in real-time scenarios, such as driver drowsiness detection. The evaluation of the proposed method used three image datasets, where images in the first dataset have a uniform background. The proposed method achieved classification accuracy of up to 95% on this dataset. Another benchmark dataset used has significant variations based on face deformations. With this dataset, our method achieved classification accuracy of 70%. A real-time video dataset of people driving the car was also used, where the proposed method achieved 95% accuracy, thus showing its feasibility for use in real-time scenarios.
3
High rate capability and long cycle stability of Cr2O3 anode with CNTs for lithium ion batteries

Abbas, Syed Mustansar,Ahmad, Nisar,Ata-ur-Rehman, Nisar,Rana, Usman Ali,Khan, Salah Ud-Din,Hussain, Shabbir,Nam, Kyung-Wan Elsevier 2016 ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA Vol.212 No.-
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Abstract The present study describes the synthesis of nanocomposite materials based on chromium oxide (Cr2O3) nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) (Cr2O3–CNT(x%)) by in-situ chemical co-precipitation method. The physical studies of these materials using a wide range of analytical techniques reveal high surface area and narrow pore size distribution of these nanocomposite materials, indicating homogenous dispersion of Cr2O3 nanoparticles (particle sizes ∼20-30nm) on the surface of CNTs. The first cycle discharge capacity of 1120 mAhg -1 for electrodes fabricated from Cr2O3 alone, which is improved for Cr2O3–CNT(0.08%) nanocomposite (1199 mAhg -1 ). This nanocomposite material achieved an overall reversible capacity of 995.3 mAhg -1 after 200 cycles, which can be attributed to the high surface area and the large mesoporous volume of Cr2O3 nanoparticles interconnected with highly conducting network of CNTs. At higher current densities, the Cr2O3–CNT(x%) nanocomposite electrodes exhibited high lithium storage capacity compared to the electrode fabricated from Cr2O3 nanoparticles alone. Overall, the Cr2O3–CNT(0.08%) nanocomposite electrode displayed high stability under varying current rates with overall high capacity retention and highest reversible capacity of 719 mAhg -1 at a current rate of 2000 mAhg -1 . This highly enhanced rate capability and excellent cycling stability of Cr2O3–CNT(0.08%) nanocomposite electrode can be ascribed to the synergistic effect of CNTs (anchored with the Cr2O3 nanoparticles). The outcome of this study offers a possibility of improving lithium ion storage of Cr2O3 nanoparticles by carefully controlling their size and shape along with the use of a suitable buffering matrix like CNTs. Graphical abstract [DISPLAY OMISSION]

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