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Perceived Environmental Pollution and Its Impact on Health in China, Japan, and South Korea
Kamimura, Akiko,Armenta, Bianca,Nourian, Maziar,Assasnik, Nushean,Nourian, Kimiya,Chernenko, Alla The Korean Society for Preventive Medicine 2017 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.50 No.3
Objectives: Environmental pollution is a significant global issue. Both objective (scientifically measured) environmental pollution and perceived levels of pollution are important predictors of self-reported health. The purpose of this study was to compare the associations between perceived environmental pollution and health in China, Japan, and South Korea. Methods: Data were obtained from the East Asian Social Survey and the Cross-National Survey Data Sets: Health and Society in East Asia, 2010 (n=7938; China, n=3866; Japan, n=2496; South Korea, n=1576). Results: South Koreans perceived environmental pollution to be the most severe, while Japanese participants perceived environmental pollution to be the least severe. Although the Japanese did not perceive environmental pollution to be very severe, their self-rated physical health was significantly related to perceived environmental pollution, while the analogous relationships were not significant for the Chinese or Korean participants. Better mental health was related to lower levels of perceived air pollution in China, as well as lower levels of perceived all types of pollution in Japan and lower levels of perceived noise pollution in South Korea. Conclusions: Physical and mental health and individual socio-demographic characteristics were associated with levels of perceived environmental pollution, but with different patterns among these three countries.
Perceived Environmental Pollution and Its Impact on Health in China, Japan, and South Korea
Akiko Kamimura,Bianca Armenta,Maziar Nourian,Nushean Assasnik,Kimiya Nourian,Alla Chernenko 대한예방의학회 2017 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.50 No.3
Objectives: Environmental pollution is a significant global issue. Both objective (scientifically measured) environmental pollution and perceived levels of pollution are important predictors of self-reported health. The purpose of this study was to compare the associations between perceived environmental pollution and health in China, Japan, and South Korea. Methods: Data were obtained from the East Asian Social Survey and the Cross-National Survey Data Sets: Health and Society in East Asia, 2010 (n=7938; China, n=3866; Japan, n=2496; South Korea, n=1576). Results: South Koreans perceived environmental pollution to be the most severe, while Japanese participants perceived environmental pollution to be the least severe. Although the Japanese did not perceive environmental pollution to be very severe, their self-rated physical health was significantly related to perceived environmental pollution, while the analogous relationships were not significant for the Chinese or Korean participants. Better mental health was related to lower levels of perceived air pollution in China, as well as lower levels of perceived all types of pollution in Japan and lower levels of perceived noise pollution in South Korea. Conclusions: Physical and mental health and individual socio-demographic characteristics were associated with levels of perceived environmental pollution, but with different patterns among these three countries.
Jose de Jesus Encinas-Arzate,Josafat Marina Ezquerra-Brauer,Victor Manuel Ocaño-Higuera,Benjamin Ramirez-Wong,Lorena Armenta-Villegas,Wilfrido Torres-Arreaola,Enrique Marquez-Rios 한국식품과학회 2014 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.23 No.2
Myofibrillar protein are the principally responsibleof gelling properties in fishery resource, hence, during proteinconcentrate or isolated proteins preparation, sarcoplasmicprotein are discarded; however, myofibrillar protein cansupport low levels of sarcoplasmic proteins without affectingthe gelling property. Therefore, the aim of this study was togradually remove sarcoplasmic proteins from giant squidmantle by means of different ionic strengths (I). Solutionsof NaCl with different ionic strengths (I=0.0, 0.1, and 0.3)were used to obtain 3 protein concentrates. The electrophoreticprofile in SDS-PAGE showed differences in protein removalwith a high solubility of mantle proteins. The texture profileanalysis showed that hardness increased in mantle proteinwashed with higher I. The total reactive sulfhydryls showedsignificant changes (p<0.05) detecting major formation ofS-S bonds with protein removal at an I of 0.3. Differentialscanning calorimetry showed a minor denaturation temperatureof the actomyosin complex when protein removal wasperformed with an I of 0.3. The present study indicates thatremoval of sarcoplasmic protein as a function of I results inbetter quality gels.
Kwak, Ho-Seok,Han, Jung-Yeol,Choi, June-Seek,Ahn, Hyun-Kyong,Ryu, Hyun-Mee,Chung, Hee-Jung,Cho, Dong-Hee,Shin, Chan-Young,Velazquez-Armenta, E. Yadira,Nava-Ocampo, Alejandro A. Informa Healthcare 2014 Clinical toxicology Vol.52 No.1
<P><I>Objective.</I> Phosphatidylethanol (PEth) is formed endogenously by the direct action of ethanol, and has a half-life long enough to make it a reliable biomarker of alcohol exposure in early pregnancy. In this study, we aimed to characterize PEth blood concentrations to differentiate different levels of alcohol exposure in pregnant women. <I>Methods.</I> The study consisted of 305 consecutive pregnant women who had been referred to our hospital for antenatal care. Of them, 117 self-reported alcohol ingestion in the first trimester of pregnancy and 188 were abstainers. Total PEth concentration in whole blood was quantified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Alcohol ingestion was classified according to the United States National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism into light drinkers: ≤ 3 drinks/week, moderate drinkers: 3-7 drinks/week, and heavier drinkers: > 7 drinks/week (a standard drink = 14 g of ethanol). <I>Results.</I> Participants had quantifiable PEth blood levels 3-4 weeks after the last drink. There were 4.8% abstainers who had positive PEth concentrations; all of them reported a positive history of alcohol consumption before conception. PEth blood concentrations were significantly correlated to drinks per occasion (<I>r</I> = 0.44; <I>P</I> < 0.001) and days drinking per week (<I>r</I> = 0.34; <I>P</I> < 0.001). However, almost 74% of participants with ≤ 3 drinks/week of alcohol, and 46% with 3-7 drinks/week, had PEth blood concentrations below the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ). The area under the curve (AUC) generated by a receiver operation characteristic curve (ROC) analysis increased as the cutoff value of PEth blood concentration increased. However, the cutoff values were below or close to the LLOQ. <I>Conclusions:</I> Our study presents a formal characterization of PEth blood concentrations for screening alcohol ingestion in first-trimester pregnant women. However, caution is recommended for overrepresenting either negative or positive results.</P>
Kwak, Ho Seok,Han, Jung-Yeol,Ahn, Hyun-Kyong,Kim, Min-Hyoung,Ryu, Hyun-Mee,Kim, Moon-Young,Chung, Hee-Jung,Cho, Dong-Hee,Shin, Chan-Young,Velazquez-Armenta, Elvia Y.,Nava-Ocampo, Alejandro A. Informa Healthcare 2012 Clinical toxicology Vol.50 No.10
<P><I>Objective.</I> A reliable biomarker of low alcohol exposure during pregnancy is needed to clarify the controversy on the teratogenicity of low-to-moderate alcohol levels. <I>Methods.</I> Blood samples were obtained from 13 pregnant women who self-reported alcohol ingestion between 2.5 and 20 drinks/week, and from 26 controls. Total lipids were extracted, and phosphatidylethanol (PEth) species 16:0/16:0, 16:0/18:1, and 16:0/18:1 were separated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on a reverse-phase phenyl column. These PEth species were quantified by MS/MS using phosphatidylpropanol as internal standard, with electrospray ionization and MRM. <I>Results.</I> PEth species were not detected in women who abstained from alcohol ingestion during pregnancy, whereas PEth-16:0/18:1 was > 5 nmol/L in those with positive alcohol ingestion. PEth species were detected for up to 4 weeks after cessation of exposure. <I>Conclusions.</I> PEth-16:0/18:1 was detected in pregnant women at 4-6 weeks after their last low-to-moderate alcohol ingestion, and therefore appears to be a reliable biomarker of prenatal alcohol exposure to study the teratogenicity of alcohol at these exposure levels.</P>