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Validation of a Novel Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography Cannulation Simulator
Pichamol Jirapinyo,Andrew C. Thompson,Hiroyuki Aihara,Marvin Ryou,Christopher C. Thompson 대한소화기내시경학회 2020 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.53 No.3
Background/Aims: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) requires a unique skill set. Currently, there is noobjective methodology to assess and train a professional to perform ERCP. This study aimed to develop and validate a novel ERCPsimulator. Methods: The simulator consists of papillae presenting different anatomy and positioned in varied locations. Deep cannulation of thepancreatic duct, followed by the bile duct, was performed. The time allotted was 5 minutes. The content validity indexes (CVIs) forrealism, relevance, and representativeness were calculated. Correlation between ERCP experience and simulator score was determined. Results: Twenty-three participants completed the simulation. The CVIs for realism were orientation of duodenoscope to papilla (1.00),angulation of papillotome to achieve cannulation (0.71), and haptic feedback during cannulation (0.80). The CVIs for relevance wereuse of elevator (1.00), wheels to achieve en face orientation (1.00), and papillotome for selective cannulation (1.00). Regarding CVI forrepresentativeness, the results were as follows: basic cannulation (0.83), papilla locations (0.83), and papilla anatomies (0.80). The novice,intermediate, and experienced groups scored 6.7±8.7, 30.0±16.3, and 74.4±43.9, respectively (p<0.0001). There was a strong correlationbetween the ERCP experience level and the individual’s simulator score (Pearson value of 0.77, R2 of 0.60). Conclusions: This simulator appears to be realistic, relevant, and representative of ERCP cannulation techniques. Additionally, it iseffective at objectively assessing basic ERCP skills by differentiating scores based on clinical experience.
In-line (α,n) source sampling methodology for monte carlo radiation transport simulations
David P. Griesheimer,Andrew T. Pavlou,Jason T. Thompson,Jesse C. Holmes,Michael L. Zerkle,Edmund Caro,Hansem Joo 한국원자력학회 2017 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.49 No.6
A new in-line method for sampling neutrons emitted in (α,n) reactions based on alpha particle source information has been developed for continuous-energy Monte Carlo simulations. The new method uses a continuous-slowing-down model coupled with (α,n) cross section data to precompute the expected neutron yield over the alpha particle lifetime. This eliminates the complexity and computational cost associated with explicit charged particle transport. When combined with an integrated alpha particle decay source sampling capability, the proposed method provides an efficient and accurate method for sampling (α,n) neutrons based solely on nuclide inventories in the problem, with no additional user input required. Results from several example calculations show that the proposed method reproduces the (α,n) neutron yields and energy spectra from reference experiments and calculations.