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Adriana Cuenca,Aura Coy,Natalia Gutiérrez,María Paula Santos,Juan David Bustos,Ana María Morales,Alejandra Marín 대한소아응급의학회 2023 대한소아응급의학회지 Vol.10 No.1
Purpose: During the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, Colombian government declared a lockdown, forcing children to stay at home. The authors aimed to analyze the change in the pattern of trauma-related visits during the lockdown. Methods: We carried out a retrospective descriptive study on injured children aged 17 years or younger who visited the emergency department of a tertiary pediatric hospital in Bogotá, Colombia from March 15 through May 15, 2019 (control period) and the same period in 2020 (lockdown period). Between the 2 periods, baseline characteristics and injury profiles were compared. Results: Among the study population (n = 1,485), 1,122 and 363 children visited the emergency department during the control and lockdown periods, respectively. In the midst of 73.9% decrease in numbers of overall visits between the 2 periods, a 67.6% decrease was noted in number of trauma-related visits. Regarding the proportions, trauma-related visits increased from 7.9% to 9.8%. During the lockdown, increases occurred in the proportions of the following variables: children younger than 5 years (25.5% to 50.7%; P < 0.001), mechanisms other than blunt, minor fall or traffic accident (e.g., bite, 3.9% to 6.6%; P = 0.032), child abuse (1.2% to 4.1%; P = 0.003), hospitalization (4.6% to 35.8%; P < 0.001), open wound (21.1% to 36.9%; P < 0.001), the use of computed tomography (6.3% to 9.9%; P < 0.001), and abnormal imaging findings (28.8% to 31.7%; P = 0.003). Conclusion: During the lockdown, children with trauma may show an increase in overall severity, and also a higher risk of abusive trauma. This finding indicates a sensible need of educating families in prevention of domestic injury.
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Eder Uzziel Pulido Barragán,Carlos Fernando Castro Guerrero,Ana María Zamudio,Ana Beatriz Morales Cepeda,Thomas Heinze,Andreas Koschella 한국섬유공학회 2019 Fibers and polymers Vol.20 No.6
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) were obtained from Typha domingensis (an invasive macrophyte) collected fromlagoons and wetlands in Altamira, Mexico. Cellulose extraction was carried out by a treatment with aqueous NaOH in a batchreactor followed by NaClO-bleaching and subsequent hydrolysis with sulfuric acid. The fibers were characterized by FourierTransform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electronmicroscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The crystallinity of the cellulose fibers isolated from Typhadomingensis increased from 29 % (not treated fibers) to 73 % and the beginning of thermal degradation increased from 246 oCto 312 oC before and after the bleaching. The CNCs isolated from this plant show average values of 20 nm in diameter and 190 nmin length. Micrographs of the Typha domingensis fibers and the cellulose isolated therefrom as well as bleached celluloseindicate the removal of hemicellulose, lignin, and waxes from the fibers, which corroborates the XRD and FTIR results.
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