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Bar-Tal, A.,Aloni, B.,Karni, L.,Rosenberg, R. American Society for Horticultural Science 2001 HortScience Vol.36 No.7
<P>The objective of this research was to study the effects of N concentration and N-NO3: N-NH4 ratio in the nutrient solution on growth, transpiration, and nutrient uptake of greenhouse-grown pepper in a Mediterranean climate. The experiment included five total N levels (0.25 to 14 mmol·L<SUP>-1</SUP>, with a constant N-NO3: N-NH4 ratio of 4) and five treatments of different N-NO3: N-NH4 ratios (0.25 to 4, with a constant N concentration of 7 mmol·L<SUP>-1</SUP>). Plants were grown in an aero-hydroponic system in a climate-controlled greenhouse. The optimum N concentrations for maximum stem and leaf dry matter (DM) production were in the range of 8.0 to 9.2 mmol·L<SUP>-1</SUP>. The optimum N-NO3: N-NH4 ratio for maximal stem DM production was 3.5. The optimum value of N concentration for total fruit DM production was 9.4 mmol·L<SUP>-1</SUP>. Fruit DM production increased linearly with increasing N-NO3: N-NH4 ratio in the range studied. The N concentration, but not N source, affected leaf chlorophyll content. Shorter plants with more compacted canopies were obtained as the N-NO3: N-NH4 ratio decreased. The effect of N concentration on transpiration was related to its effect on leaf weight and area, whereas the effect of a decreasing N-NO3: N-NH4 ratio in reducing transpiration probably resulted from the compacted canopy. Nitrogen uptake increased as the N concentration in the solution increased. Decreasing the N-NO3: N-NH4 ratio increased the N uptake, but sharply decreased the uptake of cations, especially Ca.</P>
( Reviewed By Michael Franke ),( Maria Aloni ) 서울대학교 인지과학연구소 2012 Journal of Cognitive Science Vol.13 No.2
This squib gives a critical review of the monograph entitled Conflicts in Interpretation (Hendriks et al., 2010) written by Petra Hendriks, Helen de Hoop, Irene Kramer, Henriette de Swart and Joost Zwarts, which was published in 2010 by Equinox Publishing, London. After sketching the relevant background of optimality theoretic approaches to semantics and pragmatics, we give a detailed summary of the contents of this book, discuss its merits and mention a few critical issues that, we feel, future research in this tradition may wish to address more carefully.
Enrichment of molecular antenna triplets amplifies upconverting nanoparticle emission
Garfield, David J.,Borys, Nicholas J.,Hamed, Samia M.,Torquato, Nicole A.,Tajon, Cheryl A.,Tian, Bining,Shevitski, Brian,Barnard, Edward S.,Suh, Yung Doug,Aloni, Shaul,Neaton, Jeffrey B.,Chan, Emory M Nature Publishing Group UK 2018 Nature photonics Vol.12 No.7
<P>Efficient photon upconversion at low light intensities promises major advances in technologies spanning solar energy harvesting to deep-tissue biophotonics. Here, we discover the critical mechanisms that enable near-infrared dye antennas to significantly enhance performance in lanthanide-doped upconverting nanoparticle (UCNP) systems, and leverage these findings to design dye-UCNP hybrids with a 33,000-fold increase in brightness and a 100-fold increase in efficiency over bare UCNPs. We show that increasing the lanthanide content in the UCNPs shifts the primary energy donor from the dye singlet to its triplet, and the resultant triplet states then mediate energy transfer into the nanocrystals. Time-gated phosphorescence, density functional theory, singlet lifetimes and triplet-quenching experiments support these findings. This interplay between the excited-state populations in organic antennas and the composition of UCNPs presents new design rules that overcome the limitations of previous upconverting materials, enabling performances now relevant for photovoltaics, biophotonics and infrared detection.</P>
Continuous-wave upconverting nanoparticle microlasers
Fernandez-Bravo, Angel,Yao, Kaiyuan,Barnard, Edward S.,Borys, Nicholas J.,Levy, Elizabeth S.,Tian, Bining,Tajon, Cheryl A.,Moretti, Luca,Altoe, M. Virginia,Aloni, Shaul,Beketayev, Kenes,Scotognella, F Nature Publishing Group UK 2018 Nature nanotechnology Vol.13 No.7
Reducing the size of lasers to microscale dimensions enables new technologies<SUP>1</SUP> that are specifically tailored for operation in confined spaces ranging from ultra-high-speed microprocessors<SUP>2</SUP> to live brain tissue<SUP>3</SUP>. However, reduced cavity sizes increase optical losses and require greater input powers to reach lasing thresholds. Multiphoton-pumped lasers<SUP>4–7</SUP> that have been miniaturized using nanomaterials such as lanthanide-doped upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs)<SUP>8</SUP> as lasing media require high pump intensities to achieve ultraviolet and visible emission and therefore operate under pulsed excitation schemes. Here, we make use of the recently described energy-looping excitation mechanism in Tm<SUP>3+</SUP>-doped UCNPs<SUP>9</SUP> to achieve continuous-wave upconverted lasing action in stand-alone microcavities at excitation fluences as low as 14 kW cm<SUP>−2</SUP>. Continuous-wave lasing is uninterrupted, maximizing signal and enabling modulation of optical interactions<SUP>10</SUP>. By coupling energy-looping nanoparticles to whispering-gallery modes of polystyrene microspheres, we induce stable lasing for more than 5 h at blue and near-infrared wavelengths simultaneously. These microcavities are excited in the biologically transmissive second near-infrared (NIR-II) window and are small enough to be embedded in organisms, tissues or devices. The ability to produce continuous-wave lasing in microcavities immersed in blood serum highlights practical applications of these microscale lasers for sensing and illumination in complex biological environments.