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Air Pollution Trends in Japan between 1970 and 2012and Impact of Urban Air Pollution Countermeasures
Shinji Wakamatsu,Tazuko Morikawa,Akiyoshi Ito 한국대기환경학회 2013 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.7 No.4
were analyzed, and the impact of air pollution countermeasures was evaluated. Concentrations of CO decreased from 1970 to 2012, and in 2012, the Japanese environmental quality standard (EQS) for CO was satisfied. Concentrations of SO2 dropped markedly in the 1970s, owing to use of desulfurization technologies and low-sulfur heavy oil. Major reductions in the sulfur content of diesel fuel in the 1990s resulted in further decreases of SO2 levels. In 2012, the EQS for SO2 was satisfied at most air quality monitoring stations. Concentrations of NO2decreased from 1970 to 1985, but increased from 1985 to 1995. After 1995, NO2 concentrations decreased,especially after 2006. In 2012, the EQS for NO2 was satisfied at most air quality monitoring stations,except those alongside roads. The annual mean for the daily maximum concentrations of photochemical oxidants (OX) increased from 1980 to 2010,but after 2006, the 98th percentile values of the OX concentrations decreased. In 2012, the EQS for OX was not satisfied at most air quality monitoring stations. Non-methane hydrocarbon (NMHC) concentrations generally decreased from 1976 to 2012. In 2011, NMHC concentrations near roads and in the general environment were nearly the same. The concentration of suspended particulate matter (SPM)generally decreased. In 2011, the EQS for SPM was satisfied at 69.2% of ambient air monitoring stations,and 72.9% of roadside air-monitoring stations. Impacts from mineral dust from continental Asia were especially pronounced in the western part of Japan in spring, and year-round variation was large. The concentration of PM2.5 generally decreased,but the EQS for PM2.5 is still not satisfied. The air pollution trends were closely synchronized with promulgation of regulations designed to limit pollutant emissions. Trans-boundary OX and PM2.5 has become a big issue which contains global warming chemical species such as ozone and black carbon (so called SLCP: Short Lived Climate Pollutants). Cobeneficial reduction approach for these pollutants will be important to improve both in regional and global atmospheric environmental conditions.
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Articles : Analysis of Packed Distillation Columns With A Rate-Based Model
( Young Sei Lee ),( Moon Gab Kim ),( Dong Myeong Ha ),( Akiyoshi Oda ),( Chikara Ito ),( Tsutomu Aragaki ),( Hideki Mori ) 한국화학공학회 1997 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.14 No.5
Multicomponent packed column distillation is simulated using a rate-based model and the simulation results are compared with the experimental results obtained from a 0.2 m diameter pilot-scale packed column. The simulation algorithm used is previously proposed by the authors, which based on an equation-tearing method for (6c+7) equations of one packing segment and the whole column is solved by an iterative segmentwise calculation with the overall normalized θ method for acceleration. The performance of two packings is examined by simulating the pilot-scale column experiments using the published correlations for estimating liquid and vapor phase mass transfer coefficients and an effective interfacial area.
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ANALYSIS OF PACKED DISTILLATION COLUMNS WITH A RATE - BASED MODEL
Kim, Moon Gab,Ha, Dong Myeong,Lee, Young Sei,Oda, Akiyoshi,Ito, Chikara,Aragaki, Tsutomu,Mori, Hideki 한국화학공학회 1997 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.14 No.5
Multicomponent packed column distillation is simulated using a rate-based model and the simulation results are compared with the experimental results obtained from a 0.2 m diameter pilot-scale packed column. The simulation algorithm used is previously proposed by the authors, which based on an equation-tearing method for (6c+7) equations of one packing segment and the whole column is solved by an iterative segmentwise calculation with the overall normalized θ method for acceleration. The performance of two packings is examined by simulating the pilot-scale column experiments using the published correlations for estimating liquid and vapor phase mass transfer coefficients and an effective interfacial area.
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