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安奬淳,朴華性,朴興燮,金基淸 全南大學校 農漁村開發硏究所 1979 農業科學技術硏究 Vol.14 No.-
1. 草長은 1段栽培에서는 栽培密度와 品種間에 差異없이 60~65cm이었다. 2段栽培에서는 10a當 3600株와 4800株 栽植에 있어서는 80cm內外이었으나 7200株와 14,000栽植에서는 100cm 內外이었다. 3段栽培에서는 4,800株 以下 栽培에서는 100cm內外, 7200株 以上에서는 110cm內外이었다. 4段栽培에서는 栽植密度와 關係없이 120~130cm이었다. 榮光品種이 栽培密度와 관계없이 大型福壽2號 品種보다 短莖이었다. 2. 在圃期間은 1段栽培에서 65日, 2段栽培에서 75日, 3段栽培에서 85日, 4段栽培에서 110日이었다. 3. 開花期는 1段과 4段栽培에서는 栽植密度에 關係없이 2品種 共히 거의 같았고, 2段과 3段栽培에서는 品種과 栽培密度間에 差異를 나타냈다. 4. 收穫期間은 1段栽培에서 約 20日 2段栽培에서 約 25日, 3段栽培에서 35日, 4段栽培에서 約 50日 이었다. 5. 最高收量을 나타내는 適正栽植密度는 1段栽培에서는 10a當 7,800株 2,3段栽培에서는 4,800株 4段栽培에서는 3,600株 이었다. 1. Stem height was 60~65cm when the plants were pruned to 1 cluster regardless of cultivar and plant density. Plants with two clusters were 80cm high in the density of 4,800 plants/10a, and 100cm high in the densities of 7,200 plants and 1,000 plants/10a. Plants with three clusters were about 100cm high in the sparce plantings and 110cm in the dense plantings. Plants with four clusters were 120~130cm high in all the plant densities. Clutivar Ycungkwang had shorter stems than Daehyung-Boksoo #2 under dense planting. 2. Period of field occupation by tomato plants was 65 days in the plots of 1 cluster harvest and 75, 85 and 110days in the plots of 2,3 and 4 cluster harvest, respectively. 3. The time of first flower was June 23, July 3, July 15. and July 23 in 1,2,3. and 4 cluster cultivation respectively, that is, there was almost one month difference between 1 and 4 cluster cultivation. Difference due to cultivar and plant density was not significant. 4. Total period taken for harvest was 20 days in 1 cluster cultivation compared to 25 in 2 cluster, 35 in 3 cluster and 50 in 4 cluster cultivation 5. Optimum plant density for highest yield was found to be 7,800/10a in 1 cluster cultivation and 4,800/10a in 2 and 3 cluster clutivation and 3,600/10a in 4 cluster clutivation.
崔福衍,尹柱敬,安奬淳,金光秀 全南大學校 農漁村開發硏究所 1979 農業科學技術硏究 Vol.14 No.-
With the purpose of study on the ecology and distribution of natural enemies of some harmful insects in major horticultural crops, harmful insects and their natural enemies were collceted from some pear orchards in Chonnam province and the ecological observaticons were made during March to December, 1978. Some important results are summarized as follows: 1. In the devastated pear orchads, Psylla pyrisuga Forster, Illibgris pruni Dyar, Stephantis nashi E. et T., Grapholitha molesta Busck, Cnidocampa flavescens Walker, and Nippolaehnus piri Mat. were the major insects found, whereas Pseudococcus comstocki Kuwana, Aphanostigma iakusiense Kishida, mites, and those belonging to Tortricidae, Aphididae and Carposinidae were the predomimant ones in the commercial pear orchards. 2. Insecticides most commonly sprayed to pear orchards were in the order of Parathion, Metasytox, Sevin, Sumithion, and Supracid. 3. The highest number (237) of the mummified larvae of Pseudoccous comstocki were found on the trunks about I metre high above the soil surface in the wintering trees, and also more than one mummies on the average were found from a fruit bag under storage. 4. Emergence of parasitic wasp was mostly occurred in the morning than in the after noon, and the period of emergence was less than 10 days in Allotropo burrelli and about 14 days in Pseudaphycus malinns. 5. Out of the larvae of P. comstocki examined from August 7 to November to November 7, 0.8% to 46.7% were mummified. Judging from the death ratio of the insects in the bags of damaged fruits on trees, the ratio of insects parasitized by natural enemies was estimated as 2.7% to 46.7%. The larvae of Kalodiplosis japonicus, a kind of fly were also substantially parasitized in certain cases. 6. Four species of parasitic wasps were collected from the larvae of P. comstocki, of which A. burrelli was the predominant one followed by P. malinus. The sex ratio was 2.2 to 1 for A. burrelli and 3.4 to 1 for A. malunus. The two other species were A. suvalbipes and A. convexiferous. 7. In order to control P. comstocke, 11 inscticides including Folithion and 6 Folithion mixtures containing DDVP and Supracid were tested. The surviavl ratios of natural enemies were very low in the plots of Metasystox, Paration, and DDVP with 0%-6.7% and 11.0% respectively compared to 84.7% of thecontrol plot. Those in the DDVP mixed with Lebaycid or Rouxon were alsovery low with 2.1% and 6.3% respectively. 8. Protolaelaps Pygmaeus, predatory white mities, was more widely distributed than the red mite, and parasitism to P.comstocki was very high with around 80%. 9. The spiders collected from the fruits during September to October were 63 belonging to 15 species of 6 families wheras those collected from the trees in November were 503 belonging to 32 species of 11 families. Erigonidium graminicola, as the predominant species, was 64.71% in September, 23.7% in Octovedr, and 41.52% in November, of the total spiders collected. 10. Other natural enemies belonging to 5 species of 3 families and 2 orders were also collected, but their parasitic ratio was insignificant. 11. Natural enemies were always found, regardless of the amount, whenever P. comstocki or A. iakusciense were severe, A. burrelliwas found without fail but P. mallinus was limitted to some caseses in the orchards with abandant P. comstocki, and P.pygmaeus was sure to occur where the damage by A. iaknsicense was severe. Therefore, A. burrelli and P,phgmaeus are considered to be the affective natural enemies to those two harmful insects in the pear orchards.