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- 저자 : Abolfathi, Bela (검색결과 5 건)
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The Maximal Ideal Space of Extended Differentiable Lipschitz Algebras
Abolfathi, Mohammad Ali,Ebadian, Ali Department of Mathematics 2020 Kyungpook mathematical journal Vol.60 No.1
In this paper, we first introduce new classes of Lipschitz algebras of infinitely differentiable functions which are extensions of the standard Lipschitz algebras of infinitely differentiable functions. Then we determine the maximal ideal space of these extended algebras. Finally, we show that if X and K are uniformly regular subsets in the complex plane, then R(X, K) is natural.
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The Origin and Consequences of Military Involvement in Defense and Foreign Policy
Park, Tong-Whan,Abolfathi, Farid 연세대학교 동서문제연구소 1974 東西硏究 JOURNAL OF EAST AND WEST STUDIES Vol.3 No.2
The purpose of this study is to analyze the origins of military involvement in domestic politics as well as the consequences of such involvement for foreign and defense policies. The preponderance of military regimes notwithstanding(in 1968, for instance, there were 40 states with military men as heads of government), there has been confusion and controversy over the consequencse, in the politics of mililary involvement, of domestic attributes(societal fragmentation, economic development, power capability) and of the international environment(interstate threat and rivalry, super power-client relationship, regional tension). Moreover, we lack a systematic understanding of the impacts of military influence on foreign policy behavior. Military influence(M.I.)in domestic politics was operationalized by five indicators: military coups, military participation ratio(soldier/population), defense expenditure as a proportion of total governmental revenue, the duration of military services required, and the political strength rating of military elite. These indicators were correlated with approximately 60 variabls across some 150 nations(ca. 1970). Some of the preliminary findings are as follows: (1) The measure of domestic segmentation and violence have positive correlations with M.I. (2) The indicators of wealth and size of a state bear little linear correlation with M.I. due to complex, curvilinear relationships. (3) The super power-client relationships are positively associated with M.I. In particular, the correlations are stronger between the military coups, on one hand, and the military and economic ties with the U.S.A. on the other. (4) Countries with a strong political rating of the military tend to spend a higher proportion of their governmental revenues for defense. (5) Lastly, there are positive(though weak) correlations between M.I. and pro-Chinese behavior in the U.N. General Assembly. The correlational analysis was supplemented with an exploratory time-series analysis of defense expenditure and behavior in the U.N. General Assembly (1950∼1971). In both cases, contrary to popular expectations, it turned out that the military coups are not necessarily followed by dramatic changes in these patterns. The research reported here has demonstrated that there is considerable merit in analyzing the M .I. as an important intervening variable between internal- external environment and the foreign policy output of a country. Even this preliminary analysis has revealed that foreign policy behavior is a complex phenomenon and research on it should entail designs and methods that go beyond simple, linear models. Hence the priorities of our future research lie in the following areas: ⑴ specification of a complex, dynamic model of military involvement in foreign policy; ⑵ development of more reliable indicators of military influence; and ⑶ compilation of more time-series data.
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Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV: Mapping the Milky Way, Nearby Galaxies, and the Distant Universe
Blanton, Michael R.,Bershady, Matthew A.,Abolfathi, Bela,Albareti, Franco D.,Prieto, Carlos Allende,Almeida, Andres,Alonso-Garcí,a, Javier,Anders, Friedrich,Anderson, Scott F.,Andrews, Brett,Aqu American Institute of Physics 2017 The Astronomical journal Vol.154 No.1
<P>We describe the Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV (SDSS-IV), a project encompassing three major spectroscopic programs. The Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 (APOGEE-2) is observing hundreds of thousands of Milky Way stars at high resolution and. high signal-to-noise ratios in the near-infrared. The Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey is obtaining spatially resolved spectroscopy for thousands of nearby galaxies (median z similar to 0.03). The extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS) is mapping the galaxy, quasar, and neutral gas distributions between z similar to 0.6 and 3.5 to constrain cosmology using baryon acoustic oscillations, redshift space distortions, and the shape of the power spectrum. Within eBOSS, we are conducting two major subprograms: the SPectroscopic IDentification of eROSITA Sources (SPIDERS), investigating X-ray AGNs. and galaxies in X-ray clusters, and the Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey (TDSS), obtaining spectra of variable sources. All programs use the 2.5 m Sloan Foundation Telescope at the. Apache Point Observatory; observations there began in Summer 2014. APOGEE-2 also operates a second near-infrared spectrograph at the 2.5 m du Pont Telescope at Las Campanas Observatory, with observations beginning in early 2017. Observations at both facilities are scheduled to continue through 2020. In keeping with previous SDSS policy, SDSS-IV provides regularly scheduled public data releases; the first one, Data Release 13, was made available in 2016 July.</P>
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