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        Breakthrough behaviour of NBC canister against carbon tetrachloride: a simulant for chemical warfare agents

        Avanish Kumar Srivastava,D. Shah,T.H. Mahato,Beer Singh,A. Saxena,A.K. Verma,S. Shrivastava,A. Roy,S.S. Yadav,A.R. Shrivastava 한국탄소학회 2012 Carbon Letters Vol.13 No.2

        A nuclear, biological, chemical (NBC) canister was indigenously developed using active carbon impregnated with ammoniacal salts of copper (II), chromium (VI) and silver (I), and high efficiency particulate aerosol filter media. The NBC canister was evaluated against carbon tetra chloride (CCl4) vapours, which were used as a simulant for persistent chemical warfare agents under dynamic conditions for testing breakthrough times of canisters of gas masks in the National Approval Test of Respirators. The effects of CCl4 concentration, test flow rate, temperature, and relative humidity (RH) on the breakthrough time of the NBC canister against CCl4 vapour were also studied. The impregnated carbon that filled the NBC canister was characterized for surface area and pore volume by N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm at liquid nitrogen temperature. The study clearly indicated that the NBC canister provides adequate protection against CCl4 vapours. The breakthrough time decreased with the increase of the CCl4 concentration and flow rate. The variation in temperature and RH did not significantly affect the breakthrough behaviour of the NBC canister at high vapour concentration of CCl4, whereas the breakthrough time of the NBC canister was reduced by an increase of RH at low CCl4 vapour concentration.

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        Structural, Morphological and Optical Properties of Sprayed Nanocrystalline Thin Films of Cd1-xZnxS Solid Solution

        Urvashi Verma,Vikas Thakur,Poolla Rajaram,A. K. Shrivastava 대한금속·재료학회 2015 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.11 No.1

        A series of nanocrystalline thin films of cadmium zinc sulphide(Cd1-xZnxS) solid solution were deposited on glass substrates usingspray pyrolysis. Cadmium chloride (CdCl2), zinc chloride (ZnCl2) andthiourea (NH2CSNH2) were used as the sources of Cd, Zn and Srespectively. The films were characterized using structural, morphologicaland optical techniques. X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies show thatthe films of Cd1-xZnxS are polycrystalline and single phase having thewurtzite structure. The crystallites in the thin films of pure CdS possesspreferred crystallographic orientation along the <002> direction. Thepreferred orientation of crystallites in the Cd1-xZnxS films changes from<002> to <101> with increase in Zn concentration. The latticeparameters of Cd1-xZnxS decrease with increase in Zn concentration. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy(AFM) studies show that the surfaces of the films are smooth and areuniformly covered with nanoparticles. Energy dispersive analysis of xrays(EDAX) results reveal that the grown films have goodstoichiometry. Optical transmission spectra confirm the good qualityof the Cd1-xZnxS films.

      • MPPT Based Optimization of Photovoltaic System Using DC-DC Converter

        Sakshi Shrivastava,Anmol RatnaSaxena,A. K. Wadhwani 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Hybrid Information Techno Vol.8 No.10

        This Paper looks at the performance of photovoltaic system in nonideal conditions that causes multiple maximum power points (MPPs) on the power-voltage (PV) characteristics curve. Since the efficiency of PV-panel is low, advanced power electronics converter are employed to improve the overall system efficiency.In this paper Solar panel is modeled and analyzed in MATLAB/SIMULINK. To get the maximum efficiency and maximum power the entire system must be linked with MPPT technique. Here Perturb & Observe and Incremental Conductance algorithms are compared on the basis of tracking capability and stability under rapidly and gradual changing weather conditions where Inc proved to be better than P&O. Pulse width modulation type DC-DC Boost converter is used for matching load impedance with PV arrays.

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