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李瓆鉉 서울大學校 農科大學 1976 서울대농학연구지 Vol.1 No.2
This study aimed at the scientific evaluation on agricultural policies which were issued from 1945 to 1970. 15,032 policies were collected and analyzed by six alternative criteria. The evaluation criteria were included such as (1) systematic approaches of policy development, (2) sequence of policies from production to consumption, (3) policies fit for central to local levels, (4) gap between policy goals and implemented results, (5) rational combination of public and private resources, and (6) continuation and duration of policies. During the period 26 Ministers of Agriculture and Fishery were changed and average serving period was about less than 12 months. Among 26 ministers 19 were served less than one year and 18 ministers were resigned by the cause of food crises. These unstable situations of ministers were one of causes of mass policy issues. About 58 percent among total policies were related with food production and consumption and less than 10 percent were formulated with scientific facts. It is reflected that about 90 percent of agricultural policies were developed and implemented by "table ideas" of central officers without relevant facts. About 53 percent of policies at provincial level and 70 percent at county level should be treated within 7 days by the order of central offices. From such a rush process of policy implementation there are difficulties of local adjustments and efficient implementing of the policies. 49 percent out of total policies were implemented with government fund and resources and 12 percent were by private resources, and remains were implemented with the combination of government and private resources. Most of the policies with the government resources were lower level of effectiveness than that with private resources. Lack of scientific facts and rush process are the major causes of "trial and error" in formating and implementing agricultural policies and lead to lower level of effectiveness.
李瓆鉉,吳鳳國 서울大學校 農科大學 1980 서울대농학연구지 Vol.5 No.1
The major objectives of this study were to analyze the factors affecting the volume of demand for and supply of livestock products, to measure the necessary minimum level of livestock products import and the effects of imported products on the domestic livestock sector, and to recommend some policy adjustments for rational development of the sector in Korea. For this study time-series and cross-sectional data were used in calculating demand and supply functions. The estimated results were compared with the other projections on demand for and supply of livestock products in finding problem areas and for measurement of the minimum level of livestock products import. Also, various index were culculated for measurement of the effects of imported products on the changes in levels of prices, consumption, and production and on the other aspects. The major findings of this study were as follow: Per capita consumption of the meat in 1972 was only 1.2kg, but it increased to 220 percent in 1978. Pork consumption increased to 196 percent after import policy was launched. The imported livestock products have contributed to stabilize consumer price and increased level of the consumption. But, the rate of self-sufficiency of the products decreased to 64.7 percent. The recent policy, "Buy abroad whatever cheaper abroad", is to be adjusted in order to maximize domestic production. This policy adjustment may be compared with the Japanese policy maintenance of self-sufficiency in livestock sector at 73.6 percent. The demand projections on livestock products have been made in this study. The results of the projections show that the demand will increase by 86.3 thousand metric tons in 1981, 122.8 thousand metric tons in 1986, and it will reach to 174.7 thousand metric tons in 1991. To match the gap between future demand and supply potentiality, the need for import volume of livestock products will be within a range from 46.5 thousand metric tons to 48.5 thousand metric tons in the target year of 1991. However, in case that the pricing policy is adjusted so as to 10 percent higher level of consummers' and producers' prices, the volume of the meat shortage will decrease to a range from 10.4 thousand metric tons to 14.8 thousand metric tons in the year of 1991. The estimations show that self-sufficiency in livestock products will be achieved by the year of 1986 in the case of adjusting 20 percent of price levels. The decreased consumption of meat can be substituted by domestic pork and chicken for consumers' benefit and the improvement of production incentives for swine and poultry farmers. The consumption promotion activities for pork and chicken products, such as the improvement of cooking methods, are to be needed for the stable growth of this sector. Also it is recommended that capital investment is to be expanded for the development of infra-structure in livestock farming. The negative effects of increased volume of imported products on domestic feed production, farmers' income opportunities and stability in commerical feed industried are to be improved by the policy measures of minimizing the import and maximizing domestic production potentiality.
이질현 한국잠사학회 1979 한국잠사곤충학회지 Vol.21 No.2
우리나라의 잠사업은 1960년대초부터 외화획득을 위한 전략산업으로서 급진적 성장을 이룩하여 1965년에는 생사수출이 총농산물 수출액의 44%를 점유한 때도 있었다. 1970년대 초까지만 해도 국제적 여건의 변동에도 불구하고 우리나라의 잠사업부문은 \circled1 농가의 현금소득 기회의 증대 \circled2공업화초기의 외화습득수단 \circled3 계촌유휴노동력의 고용증대 \circled4 유휴국토 이용율의 증대 \circled5농촌공업화의 촉진등 그 역할은 지대하였다. (중략)