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김용덕 ( Yong-deok Kim ),조재민 ( Jaemin Cho ) 한국생산성학회 2020 生産性論集 Vol.34 No.1
This study analyzed the relationship between productivity change and market power in 12 commercial banks in 2010-2017. We analyzed the change in productivity and divided it into efficiency change and technology change, and analyzed how productivity, efficiency and technology change are related to market power, and analyzed the relationship with determinants. The results can be summarized as follows. First, there was a positive relationship between productivity change and market power. In other words, productivity decreases as market power decreases. According to the additional analysis of these causes, the relationship between efficiency change and market power has a negative relationship, but the relationship between technology change and market power has a positive relationship. In the case of efficiency change, it was analyzed similarly to the existing research results. As market dominance weakens, competition intensifies, improving the inefficiency of individual banks. In the case of technological change, the lower market power means a negative effect on technological progress, which is the opposite of the change in efficiency. This may mean that if the competition in the existing market is fierce, we can focus on the short-term results rather than investing in long-term technological developments and advancements such as IT and financial systems. Taken together, the entry into foreign capital banks can increase the efficiency of China's banking industry by improving inefficiency, but it can mean that productivity is reduced by declining technological changes. Second, the capital asset ratio (CAR) used as an indicator of capital stability was positively related to efficiency change and negatively related to technological change. Increasing CAR seems to have a positive effect on efficiency improvement, but has a negative impact on technological progress, indicating that an appropriate level of indicator management is needed. Third, ownership structure has a positive effect on technological change. This may indicate that state-owned commercial banks can invest in technology development and development rather than competition. On the other hand, it has a negative effect on the efficiency change, which may mean that the state-owned commercial bank is useful for technological change but internal inefficiency may occur.
기술특례 상장기업의 IPO 전후 효율성 분석에 관한 연구
김용덕 ( Yong-deok Kim ),조재민 ( Jaemin Cho ) 한국생산성학회 2018 生産性論集 Vol.32 No.2
In this study, we analyzed the efficiency of technology special listed companies in KOSDAQ. In order to identify the cause of efficiency change, we divided efficiency into R&D activity, financial activity and total activity. The results can be summarized as follows. First, before the IPO, efficiency seems to maintain a similar level of overall efficiency change, since the efficiency is slightly reduced or maintained and then increased after the IPO. In particular, in the case of Window-DEA efficiency changes, technical efficiency before IPO is maintained at a similar level and seems to be gradually improving after IPO. This means that the efficiency improvement is not fast and a considerable period is required. In addition, the change in productivity index of Malmquist showed an increase in the productivity index before IPO, and the productivity decreased temporarily after IPO. The efficiency change also shows that the efficiency improvement before IPO shows that the efficiency decreases temporarily after IPO. It seems to be focusing on improving the efficiency after IPO. In addition, technological change, not internal processes and improvement of management efficiency, showed technological change before IPO but not technological change at T+3 after IPO. The results suggest that productivity changes due to technological innovation, research and development are effective for at least four years rather than in the short term. Second, the efficiency of R&D has decreased after IPO compared to before IPO, even though financing or securing of excellent manpower has been facilitated through IPO. The average number of employees and R & D expenses increased, but the number of patent applications decreased. Most of these causes are due to pure technical inefficiency, so it is necessary to improve internal inefficiencies such as processes and systems. Third, the efficiency of the R&D results and the financial efficiency, including R&D and financial activities, shows that the efficiency before IPO and after IPO is similar. However, pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency showed contradictory results before and after IPO, indicating that improvement of pure technical efficiency such as internal process and management efficiency improvement is needed rather than scale efficiency. Similar results were obtained in the comparison of efficiency before IPO and after IPO considering additional growth, profitability, and future value. The purpose of the technology special listing is to allow technology qualified deficit companies to enter the KOSDAQ by evaluating the technological power of these companies because it can not be listed as a general listing requirement. In light of these facts, the efficiency of R&D after IPO has decreased compared to the pre-IPO, but the expectation for future value is still maintained. The efficiency change shows relatively high efficiency before IPO, but the efficiency increases with time difference after the efficiency decreases after IPO. Especially, it is confirmed that technological change occurs at a considerable time difference. In addition, there is a significant decrease in the efficiency of research before and after IPO. In order for the technology listed companies to continue to lead to continued financial performance, these parts should be supplemented and improved.
일반 흉부 X선 촬영 시 조사야에 따른 양극과 음극의 선량차이 분석
강민호(Minho Kang),조재민(Jaemin Cho),정봉재(Bongjae Jung),노시철(Sicheol Noh),강상식(Sangsik Kang),최일홍(Ilhong Choi),정형진(Hyungjin Jung),박지군(Jikoon Park) 한국방사선학회 2014 한국방사선학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2014 No.춘계
일반적으로 임상에서 흉부 X선 촬영 시 조사야를 최대로 설정한 후 영상을 획득하기도 하는데, 이는 불필요한 피폭을 유발하며 경사효과로 인한 영상의 질적 저하를 유발하기도 한다. 이에 본 연구에서는 흉부 촬영 시 조사야 면적에 따른 양극과 음극측의 X선 강도를 측정하여 불균등 정도를 고찰하였다. 방사선 조사 조건은 일반적인 가슴 촬영 조건인 관전 압72 kVp, 관전류 100 mA, 조사시간 0.32 초로 설정하였으며, FFD는 100 cm으로 고정하였다. 조사야는 17 x 17, 10 x 12, 8 x 10로 변화시켰으며, 양극측과 음극측에 검출 센서를 위치시킨 후 측정하였다. 측정 결과 조사야 면적이 증가할수록 양극과 음극의 선량은 감소하지만 강도비는 증가하는 경향을 확인할 수 있었다. In general clinical chest X-ray examination, when the image is obtained the radiation field is occasionally set as the maximum size. This causes the unnecessary radiation exposure and a degradation of image quality by the Heel effects. For these reasons, in this study, we measured the X-ray intensity of the anode and cathode and discussed the degree of disproportion according to the size of radiation field in the chest X-ray examination. Exposure condition was set as typical chest examination setup; 72 kVp of tube voltage, 100 mA of tube current, 0.32 second of exposure time. The FFD was fixed as 100 cm. The radiation field was set as 17 x 17, 10 x 12 and 8 x 10. And a detector was located in the anode side and cathode side. Consequently, as a size of the radiation field is increased, the dose of anode and cathode was reduced. On the other hand, the intensity ratio was increasing trends as the size is increasing.