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에릭 클라이넨버그의 사회적 인프라 개념으로 살펴본 공공 기반시설의 특성에 관한 연구
이재영 ( Lee¸ Jaeyoung ),조웅희 ( Cho¸ Woonghee ) 한국공간디자인학회 2021 한국공간디자인학회논문집 Vol.16 No.7
(Background and Purpose) In the Fourth Industrial Revolution, the evolution of personal information technology is accelerating the advent of the digital age, which contributes to the social atomization phenomenon and the loss of a sense of community. Accordingly, the necessity of providing meaningful physical places where people can interact with each other face to face has become crucial. Along with efforts to seek the intrinsic value of architecture, there is an active discourse on the concept of social infrastructure as a way to restore social solidarity by promoting people's interactions through the physical environment. In this study, based on the social infrastructure concept advocated by sociologist Eric Kleinenberg, the possibility of expanding public infrastructure to become a physical environment that promotes social bonds is examined. (Method) This study examines the developments in public infrastructure and the definition of Kleinenberg's social infrastructure based on a literature review. This study suggested four classifications based on how social infrastructure could be established; establishment of a standalone facility; regeneration or conversion of existing hard infrastructure; program extension of existing infrastructure; and the integrated development of social infrastructure. Based on the value of the physical environment, the spatial characteristics of public infrastructure facilities are organized into accessibility, diversity, identity, and sustainability. Based on this classification, public infrastructure facility cases are selected and analyzed; in turn, they present new social, cultural, and urban aspects beyond the functionality of infrastructure that has been built or is in the process of being built around the world since the 2010s. (Results) The cases of CopenHill (in Copenhagen, Denmark), Watersquare Benthemplein (Rotterdam, Netherlands), and BIG U project (New York, USA) are all intended to be social infrastructure in that they provide natural meeting places for residents, form local communities, and create symbolic landmarks, while fulfilling their roles as public infrastructure. While each case presents unique solutions to different challenges depending on the specific regional and climatic conditions, they all redefine the notion of infrastructure by exposing the facilities to the public and integrating various programs, which can strengthen social solidarity at the initial stages of infrastructure design. It was found that there had been meaningful investments into social infrastructure in all these cases. (Conclusions) The analysis presents the potential value of public infrastructure, which has thus far only been evaluated based on functional aspects; this ought to be expanded to social infrastructure, which lays the physical foundation for cultivating a sense of community among members and establishing a local identity. This suggests a new paradigm for public infrastructure facilities in terms of maintenance, repair, reuse, and new constructions in the future.
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