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전관선 ( Kwan Sun Chun ),신석호 ( Suk Ho Shin ),김수현 ( Su Hyun Kim ),고재기 ( Jae Ki Koh ),김인영 ( In Yung Kim ),황환식 ( Hwan Sik Hwang ),박훈기 ( Hoon Ki Park ) 대한내과학회 2007 대한내과학회지 Vol.73 No.4
Background: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome are both rapidly increasing in Koreans due to the new westernized eating habits and the aging of the population. The pulse wave velocity (PWV) reflects arterial stiffness and it may be used as an indicator of atherosclerosis. This study was conducted to investigate the association of the PWV with metabolic syndrome. Methods: Among 1438 persons who visited the Internal Medicine Clinic or Health Center of a general hospital in Seoul, Korea, 384 adults (age range: 30-69 years old) were selected as study subjects. Those patients with cardiovascular disease or other systemic disease were excluded, but the patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus were included. Ninety four (25.4%) subjects were classified as patients with metabolic syndrome when jointly applying the WHO Asia-Pacific criteria and NCEP ATPIII criteria. Results: The PWV was higher in the older aged group and in the men compared to the other group. The greater the number of diagnostic criteria of the metabolic syndrome subjects had, the higher was their PWV. After adjustment for age, gender, blood pressure, BMI and fasting blood glucose, a PWV change of 1.0 m/sec increased the risk of metabolic syndrome by 1.31 times (95% CI: 0.81-2.09). The risk of metabolic syndrome was 7.62 times higher among the subjects with a PWV greater than 7.5 m/sec (95% CI: 1.07-54.42), as compared with that of subjects with a PWV less than 7.5 m/sec. Conclusions: The PWV may independently increase the risk of metabolic syndrome as a non-linear pattern. A prospective study needs to be conducted to confirm the meaning of PWV as a risk factor for metabolic syndrome, and especially to determine the cut off point.(Korean J Med 73:384-392, 2007)
말기신질환자에서 호모시스테인농도에 따른 엽산의 치료효과 및 Pulse wave velocity(PWV)의 변화
고재기 ( Jae Ki Koh ),김수현 ( Su Hyun Kim ),신석호 ( Suk Ho Shin ),전관선 ( Kwan Sun Chun ),최준혁 ( Jun Hyouck Choi ),임지환 ( Ji Hwan Lim ),윤수진 ( Su Jin Yoon ) 대한내과학회 2007 대한내과학회지 Vol.72 No.6
Background: In end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients, cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. These patients frequently have hyperhomocysteinemia, a putative risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Several studies suggest that lowering plasma homocysteine may improve endothelial dysfunction, a marker of atherothrombotic risk. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) is a useful diagnostic tool to access endothelial dysfunction, and is widely used screening test for atherosclerosis. Methods: We measured fasting total plasma homocysteine (tHcy) in 84 hemodialysis patients and 21 peritoneal dialysis patients. Subjects were assigned to two groups. Group I (tHcy<20 umol/L) consisted of 74 ESRD patients who have taken continual usual dose folate (1 mg/day). Group II (tHcy≥20 umol/L) consisted of 26 ESRD patients who have taken high dose folate (5 mg/day). For 15 Group I patients and 5 Group II patients, pulse wave doppler velocity (PWV) measurements were taken before and after 3 months of folate treatment. Results: The mean tHcy concentration was higher in the ESRD patients (82 HD: 16.9±6.4 mol/L, 20 PD: 18.0±16.7 mol/L). The pulse wave velocity (PWV) was faster in ESRD patients-19 HD: Aorta (Ao)-PWV 8.98±1.4, lower extremities (LE)-PWV 10.15±1.3, upper extremities (UE)-PWV 8.80±0.8 (m/s); 8 PD: Ao-PWV 9.32±1.8, LE-PWV 10.64±1.4, UE-PWV 9.24±0.7 (m/s). The PWV increased in ESRD patients with coronary heart disease and who had a history of angioplasty because of thrombosis or stenosis of vascular access. There was a significant reduction in hyperhomocysteinemia after 3 months in the high dose folate supplement group as compared to the usual dose folate supplement group with a significant statistical difference between the two groups. (15 Group I patients: 13.9±4.9 mol/L→13.5±6.1 for 5 Group II patients: 34.3±27.5 mol/L→23.0±5.9 mol/L (p<0.05, paired t-test). No difference in the PWV was found before and after folic acid supplementation for the two groups (p>0.05, paired t-test). Conclusions: We assume that PWV and homocysteine concentration have some correlation and both studies are available as part of screening tests for atherosclerosis in ESRD. Although no significant interval change was detected for the PWV, this finding suggests that high-dose folate supplementation was helpful to minimize the risk of cardiovascular disease associated with hyperhomocysteinemia in ESRD patients. (Korean J Med 72:607-615, 2007)