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윤광봉(Youn Kwang-bong),유영대(토론자) 비교민속학회 2004 비교민속학 Vol.0 No.26
Countries in East Asia in the Middle Ages were feudal absolute monarchies, All power was concentrated on the king and subjects under the king also exercised authorities just as strong as the king's. Of course, some used given power properly for ruling the people but many did not. They held a lot of functions to display their influence. One of them was Yeonhee (performance) on the pretext of praying for the wellbeing of the king and the state. When Yeonhee was held, the rulers deluded people into believing that it was always for the prosperity of the country. However, it was only poor people who suffer hardships from such a big national events. As they had to stop their daily lives and be mobilized for the affairs of the state, they were full of complaints. Governors forgot the basic notion 'Ruling is justice,' busy in gratifying their selfish interests. They often missed meanings dwelling in music, which was a basic element of Yeonhee. Ancient Chinese regarded music and poetry as the most effective tools to lead people. In addition, good kings dealt with people's mind very cautiously and comforted it with culture, music, law and administration. This is so called the way of ruling. In this sense, Akgi (樂記) in Yegi (禮記), an oriental classic, is remarkable. However, it was only an ideal far away from the realities. Thus many rulers in history aimed at the goal but often yielded themselves to their own will. This was the case as well in Korea. Whenever the dynasty changed the sovereign reorganized and improved culture and music, pursuing a just government, but the realities did not go as they intended. Japan was not an exception in this matter. During the Middle Ages, particularly when military men assumed the reins of government, their power peaked out and the artists fawning upon the power also abused privileges given to them However, different from Korea and China, there were master artists who had firm spirit of art. Although they compromised with power, they did not abandon the spirit of art and developed unique theories of art and craft as ]eami did. Lastly, although the discussion has been mainly focused on negative aspects, there were also positive aspects. Unfortunately, however, literature handed down to us discloses rather negative sides than positive ones. It may be necessary to approach the positive sides at next opportunity.
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