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주현진(HyunJin Joo),노미정(Mi Jung Noh),유지헌(Ji Heon Yoo),장영미(Young Mi Jang),박종석(Jong Seok Park),강명희(Myoung Hee Kang),김미혜(Meehye Kim) 한국식품과학회 2010 한국식품과학회지 Vol.42 No.3
국내 유통되는 어류, 연체동물(두족류, 패류), 갑각류, 해조류에서 총 15종, 231건의 수산식품을 수거하여 총 수은 및 메틸수은 오염량을 모니터링하고 조사대상 수산식품의 위해도를 평가하였다. 총 수은 분석법(총 수은분석기 사용)을 검토한 결과, 직선성(R²)은 0.999 이상이었고 검출 및 정량한계는 각각 0.017 ㎍/㎏, 0.051 ㎍/㎏이었으며 표준인증물질 분석에 대한 정확도는 98% 이상이었다. 메틸수은 분석법(GC-ECD 사용)을 검토한 결과, 직선성(R²)은 0.990 이상이었고 회수율은 평균 70% 이상이었으며 검출 및 정량한계는 각각 0.003, 0.010 ㎎/㎏이었다. 모니터링 결과, 수산식품 중 총 수은 평균(단위: ㎎/㎏)은 고등어 0.088, 갈치 0.061, 조기 0.030, 명태 0.032, 메기 0.059, 가물치 0.110, 오징어 0.030, 낙지 0.026, 꽃게 0.035, 굴 0.009, 바지락 0.011, 홍합 0.008, 미역 0.018, 김 0.007, 다시마 0.019 이었다. 메틸수은 평균(단위: ㎎/㎏)은 고등어 0.034, 갈치 0.016, 조기 0.005, 명태 0.008, 메기 0.023, 가물치 0.045, 오징어 0.011, 낙지 0.009, 꽃게 0.008이었으며 굴, 바지락, 홍합, 미역, 김, 다시마에서는 검출되지 않았다. 본 연구에서 조사된 수산식품별 총 수은 및 메틸수은의 오염량 평균과 국민건강영양조사의 일일식품섭취량을 근거로하여 15종의 수산식품에서 섭취되는 총 수은과 메틸수은의 총 주간추정섭취량(total estimated weekly intake)을 각각 산출하였다. 이를 JECFA의 PTWI(총 수은: 5 ㎍/㎏ b.w./week, 메틸수은: 1.6 ㎍/㎏ b.w./week)와 비교했을 때 각각 3.57, 3.34% 수준으로서, 15종의 수산식품 섭취에 의한 수은 노출량은 낮은 수준으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 수은 섭취에 주로 기여하는 식품군이 수산식품이며 조사대상 수산식품 15종의 섭취량은 전체 수산식품 섭취량에서 높은 비중을 차지하는 것을 고려하였을 때 수은 오염에 대한 국내 유통 수산식품의 위해도는 낮은 것으로 판단된다. Total mercury and methylmercury concentrations were determined in 15 commonly consumed aquatic food species using total mercury analyzer and gas chromatography with electron capture detector. The mean total mercury and methylmercury concentrations (㎎/㎏) were 0.088 and 0.034 in mackerel, 0.061 and 0.016 in hair tail, 0.030 and 0.005 in yellow croaker, 0.032 and 0.008 in Alaska pollock, 0.059 and 0.023 in eastern catfish, 0.110 and 0.045 in snakehead, 0.030 and 0.011 in Japanese common squid, 0.026 and 0.009 in common octopus, 0.035 and 0.008 in swimming crab, 0.009 and not detected (ND) in oyster, 0.011 and ND in shortneck clam, 0.008 and ND in mussel, 0.018 and ND in sea mustard, 0.007 and ND in nori, and 0.019 and ND in sea tangle, respectively. The total weekly dietary intakes of total mercury and methylmercury were estimated, respectively, using food consumption data from diet surveys and the concentrations of total mercury and methylmercury from this study. They were 0.178 ㎍/㎏ body weight (b.w.)/week (3.57% of provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI)) and 0.052 ㎍/㎏ b.w./week (3.34% of PTWI) respectively, and all were within their respective PTWI set by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA). Therefore, considering that the main contributor to mercury intake in the diet is aquatic foods and that the 15 aquatic food species examined in this study are highly consumed, it is concluded that the mercury levels in the foods measured in this study do not present a concern for consumer health.
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H₂O₂ 유도 U2OS 세포에서 Pinus sylvestris L.의 산화적 스트레스 및 골관절염 개선 효과
신미래(Mi-Rae Shin),최정원(Jeong Won Choi),김민주(Min Ju Kim),안희연(Hui Yeon An),유지헌(Ji Heon Yu),정일하(Il Ha Jeong),유왕근(Wang Keun Yoo),Bold Sharavyn,노성수(Seong-Soo Roh) 한국식품영양과학회 2024 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.53 No.5
This study investigated the pharmacological impact of the Pinus sylvestris L. water extract (PS) on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress in the human osteosarcoma cell line U2OS and a monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced osteoarthritis model in rats. A MitoSoxTM indicator was used to measure mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, while mitochondrial integrity was assessed using MitoTrackerTM. Moreover, we assessed oxidative stress-related markers, including sirtuin 1 (Sirt1), metal-responsive transcription factor 1 (MTF1), and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) using immunohistochemistry. We performed serum analysis and western blotting in vivo. The cell viability of U2OS cells was increased in a concentration-dependent manner, independent of H2O2 treatment. PS dramatically reduced the accumulation of mitochondrial ROS, while simultaneously reversing the decreased MitoTrackerTM levels. Additionally, both Sirt1 and MTF1 intensities were significantly elevated, whereas 4-HNE intensity noticeably decreased. In the animal experiment, the MIA treatment resulted in a reduction of hindpaw weight distribution changes. However, PS pretreatment significantly reversed this reduction. The serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β were significantly decreased compared to the control group. The control group, treated with only MIA, exhibited increased levels of three enzymes: Matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP- 13), which degrades collagen or proteoglycan, and MMP-2 and MMP-3, which degrade the non-collagen matrix components of the joints. However, the PS treatment significantly inhibited the levels of the enzymes except MMP-3. In conclusion, these results suggest that PS alleviated oxidative stress and regulated inflammatory cytokines and the expression of MMPs.
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