인구감소시대 지역발전을 위한 도시권계획

우명제(Woo, Myungje) 대한국토·도시계획학회 2020 도시정보 Vol.- No.465

미국의 특별목적판매세(Local Sales Tax)를 이용한 도시기반시설 확충의 재원조달 도입방안 연구

우명제(WOO, Myungje),송경일(SONG, Kyung Il),남진(NAM Jin) 대한교통학회 2013 대한교통학회 학술대회지 Vol.68 No.-

중앙정부로부터의 보조금 지원이 감소하고 지자체의 재정여건이 악화되는 상황에서, 지방정부에게 있어서 기반시설 설치를 위한 새로운 재원이 지속적으로 필요하게 되었다. 각종 부담금 형식으로 부과되는 개발 부담금, 과밀부담금, 도시개발시설 및 추가설치 비용부담금, 기반시설설치비용 등의 국토해양부 소관의 부담금들이 있지만, 개발이 일어날 때만 산발적으로 이루어지는 재정방식이 기에 한계점이 노출되고 있다. 또한 현행 도시계획세(재산세 과세특례)를 제외하고는 사회기반시설을 위한 국가나 지방자치단체에 서의 안정적인 세금을 통한 재정의 확보는 이루어지지 않고 있다. 본 연구에서는 국내 도시기반시설 재원 조달시 문제점과 미국에 서 시행되고 있는 특별목적판매세 제도를 검토하여 국내에서 적용 가능한 도시기반시설 재원 마련 방안을 제시하고 있다.

지방소비세를 이용한 교통기반시설 확충의 재원조달 방안에 관한 연구

우명제(WOO, Myungje),김수진(Kim, Su-Jin),남진(NAM, Jin) 대한교통학회 2013 대한교통학회 학술대회지 Vol.68 No.-

인구의 도시집중화가 지속됨에 따라 교통기반시설인 도로, 철도, 공항, 대중교통시스템 등에 대한 교통수요와 유지·관리를 위한 비용이 지속적으로 증가하고 있다. 그러나, 기존의 교통기반시설 재원으로는 증가하는 교통 수요와 유지·관리를 위한 비용을 충족시 키기에 부족한 실정이다. 기존 교통기반시설 투자재원은 중앙정부차원의 교통세와 주세, 교통 범칙금, 과태료 등과 지방정부차원의 광역교통부담금, 국가보조금, 주행세 등이 있으나, 교통세의 경우 2015년 폐지될 계획이며, 과거 지방도로 정비사업의 주요재원으로 활용되었던 지방양여금도 국가균형발전특별회계에 편입되면서 전국 차원의 재원으로 활용되어 지방자치단체의 교통시설을 위해 투 자되던 재원이 줄어들고 있는 실정이다. 특히, 이러한 지방자치단체 차원의 재원 한계는 재정자립도가 낮은 지방자치단체일수록 교 통기반시설을 제때 공급하는데 걸림돌이 되고 있으며, 낮은 교통서비스 수준의 공급으로 도시가 더욱 낙후될 가능성이 높아지고 있 다. 미국의 경우, 연방정부 또는 주정부의 지방정부에 대한 교통기반시설 재정 지원이 줄어듦에 따라 지방정부 자체적으로 교통재원 을 마련하려는 노력으로 특별목적판매세의 이용이 증가하고 있다. 기존에는 개별 카운티 또는 두·세개 카운티가 협력하여 교통기반 시설 재원 마련을 위한 판매세율을 인상하는 경우가 많았으나, 최근 조지아주에서는 주정부 차원의 정책에 따라 지역단위의 특별목 적판매세를 시행하는 사례가 나타나고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 미국의 지방 판매세, 조지아주의 지역 특별목적판매세 등의 제도와 이와 유사한 제도로서 최근 우리나라에 도입된 지방소비세의 운용 매커니즘을 문헌연구를 통하여 살펴봄으로써 지방 또는 지역 정부 차원의 새로운 교통기반시설 재원 조달 방안을 제안한다.

신시가지 개발을 동반한 도시스프롤이 중심도시 쇠퇴에 미치는 영향

엄현태(Eom, Hyuntae),우명제(Woo, Myungje) 대한국토·도시계획학회 2015 國土計劃 Vol.50 No.6

Korea has experienced rapid urbanization similar to urban sprawl that has caused urban problems such as traffic jam, degradation of green space, and the decline of inner cities. Also, new-town developments in suburban areas have promoted the decline of inner cities. Recently enacted urban regeneration policies targeting these problems do not consider regional-level causes of urban decline, such as urban sprawl. The purpose of this study is to measure the impacts of urban sprawl on the decline of inner city taking into account new-town developments in suburban areas. Two multiple regression models are employed with changes in population and establishments of inner cities as dependent variables. The urban sprawl index, new-town development, their interaction term, and other control variables are used as independent variables. The results show that urban sprawl accompanied by new-town development rather than typical urban sprawl negatively affects inner cities by decreasing their population and establishments.

서울시 대중교통 접근성의 공간적 정의에 대한 실증연구

윤종진(Yun, Jongjin),우명제(Woo, Myungje) 대한국토·도시계획학회 2015 國土計劃 Vol.50 No.4

As social welfare has become important throughout all urban issues, spatial justice, which is a combined concept of social justice and space, has gotten a momentum in the field of urban planning. Since the concept of spatial justice was introduced by Harvey in 1973, its implications for planning have been discussed from the diverse spectrum in the U.S. and Europe. Particularly, the issue of spatial justice has been in the center of transit policies because an unfair distribution of transport services directly affect everyday life of the disadvantaged group. However, few empirical studies have tried to investigate the extent to spatial justice in Korea. The purpose of this paper is to examine spatial justice of Seoul through analyzing the relationship between transit accessibility and the location of the disadvantaged. After calculating the accessibility indices, Gini coefficient and Lorenz curve are employed to measure the inequality of the indices with respect to the distribution of the disadvantaged. The results show that the spatial justice in terms of transit accessibility appear differently by the type of the disadvantaged group, including people with age 65 or over, renters, and people with poverty, providing policy implications for transit investment.

성장기제 이론을 통한 도시 성장의 정치경제학적 접근

정필립(Jeong, Pilrip),우명제(Woo, Myungje),남진(Nam, Jin) 대한국토·도시계획학회 2015 國土計劃 Vol.50 No.4

The purpose of this study is to understand the process of city growth from the perspective of the political economy. Growth Machine Theory is applied to analyze a conflicting structure and the characteristics of growth-coalitions focusing on conflicts among various growth-coalitions in Jeollanam-do and Gwangju with respect to the relocation of the Jeonnam provincial office. The results suggest some different views from the traditional Growth Machine Theory. First, each growth-coalition centered by local governments has co-relations or conflicting relations depending on its geographical range. Second, the conflicts among growth coalitions are formed by their political and administrative positions, and they are streched from local to central government. Third, the type of major stakeholders of each growth coalition is different depending on the characteristics of locality or region.

도시스프롤 현상이 중심도시 쇠퇴에 미치는 영향과 도시재생에 대한 함의

엄현태(Eom, Hyuntae),우명제(Woo, Myungje) 대한국토·도시계획학회 2015 國土計劃 Vol.50 No.3

Recently, many cities have experienced an expansion of urbanized areas forming metropolitan areas. Such spatial transformation resembles urban sprawl with an excessive geographic expansion and low density development, resulting in urban problems, such as the decline of inner cities that many U.S. metropolitan areas have experienced. While such problems have not been seriously recognized in the capital region of South Korea due to the strong economic position of the region at the national level, low density single detached homes have been increasingly developed in outer areas of the region similar to the trend of urban sprawl in the U.S. The Propose of this study is to measure urban sprawl of the capital region and its impacts on the decline of inner cities using a multiple regression model. Changes in population and employment of Dongs in Seoul are used as dependent variables in two models, and the characteristics of urban sprawl in the capital region along with other control variables are used as independent variables. The results show that urban sprawl in the region is negatively affect the changes in population in Seoul, contributing to the decline of inner city areas.

도시쇠퇴의 공간적 확산현상과 쇠퇴확산 요인에 대한 실증분석

엄현태(Eom, Hyuntae),우명제(Woo, Myungje) 대한국토·도시계획학회 2016 國土計劃 Vol.51 No.2

Globally, many factors, such as changes of transportation infrastructure, urban sprawl, change of industrial structure, have caused urban decline. Cities experiencing such urban decline have enforced urban revitalization policies. Also, most Korean cities have recently experienced urban decline which results in enacting urban regeneration policies at the national level. While existing studies on urban decline have focused on identifying major factors associated with the decline, few studies have attempted to measure spatial diffusion of decline in Korea. As urban decline is characterized as spatial problems, not only finding the factors but also predicting its spread is important to prevent future urban decline. In this context, the purposes of this study are to examine urban decline areas of Seoul in Korea and to measure the spread of urban decline through analysis of spatial autocorrelation and a spatial regression model. The results show that there exists spatial diffusion of urban decline in Seoul, and urban decline on districts in terms of population, establishment, and dwelling unit is influenced by some variables of its nearby areas. This implies that we need to consider neighboring areas of the declined districts when urban regeneration policies are developed at the district level.

도시재생사업을 위한 공공의 사업비용 조달방법 연구

남진(Nam Jin),우명제(Woo Myung-Je),Catherine L. Ross 대한국토·도시계획학회 2010 國土計劃 Vol.45 No.7

Tax Increment Financing(TIF) has been used as a favored method in financing development projects to revitalize blighted areas in the U.S. Many scholars have studied the applicability of TIF for real estate developments in Korea since early 2000s. While they have focused on the mechanism of TIF and feasibility analysis for TIF application, little has been known about the nature of TIF implementation and challenges that may occur during the implementation process. This paper aimed at providing policy implications for the application of TIF for urban regeneration projects in Korea through the analysis of 50 TIF statues and 29 case laws in the U.S. The paper finds that the revenue sources of TIF include economic activity taxes, such as sales tax, income tax, and utility tax, as well as property taxes. This finding is important in that most tax revenues from real estate markets in Korea depend on transaction fees rather than property taxes. In addition, the paper reveals that the TIF cases in the US have faced with many legal challenges where many cases with the issues of blight findings and the diversion of revenues from other taxing districts were worked out against TIF projects, implying that the statues with detailed guidelines that can specify the criteria of blighted areas, diversion of tax revenues, etc. should be enacted at the national scale when TIF is adopted in Korea as a public financing tool.

서울시 제조업 집적지의 공간적 분포 및 특성에 관한 연구

윤종진(Yun, Jongjin),우명제(Woo, Myungje) 대한국토·도시계획학회 2016 國土計劃 Vol.51 No.2

The recent global financial crisis suggests that industrial structure specialized in single sector only, particularly in tertiary industry, does not longer ensure the sustainability of regional economy. The importance of industrial diversity to respond to economic fluidity becomes more apparent. Reflecting these circumstances, Seoul has implemented ‘Industrial and Special Development Promotion Districts’ and made efforts to protect urban manufacturing. However, manufacturing clusters in Seoul is under threat from conversion to residential, commercial, and business uses. In addition, strategies for promoting and protecting manufacturing clusters have not been established yet at the city level. Therefore, it is important to identify clusters of urban manufacturing and their characteristics. The results of cluster analysis and multinomial logistic regression reveal that manufacturing clusters in Seoul could be categorized into several types with different characteristics. Both internal factors, such as operation length and number of employees, and physical factors, such as major uses of building, land use, and accessibility, characterize each type of manufacturing clusters.