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오기만(KI MAN OH) 한국국가법학회 2023 국가법연구 Vol.19 No.2
우리나라 역대 대통령들이 단행해 왔던 특별사면의 경우를 보면 명분이야 ‘국민화합’ 또는 ‘경제 살리기’를 내세웠지만, 자의적 행사로 인한 정치적 오·남용 이라는 비판과 함께 사회적 논란의 한축을 차지하는 현안의 문제가 되어왔다. 이러한 문제의 원인은 우선 대통령의 사면권 행사에는 그 권한 행사를 제한하거나 견제할 수 있는 제도적 장치나 법률규정상 근거가 미약하기 때문이다. 사면권은 미국의 역사에 깊이 자리하고 있으며 20세기 초반에 이르러 형사사법제도의 일반적 특징이 되었다고 할 수 있다. 200만 명 이상의 죄수를 수감하고 있는 미국은 수감률에서 세계적으로 으뜸이다. 미국의 죄수들의 복역기간은 예전보다 장기화되었으며 교정시설을 유지하기 위해 매년 엄청난 비용을 지출하고 있다. 많은 장기복역수들을 수용하느라 국가적 자원이 낭비되고 있는 셈이다. 그래서 미국에서는 구금에 지나치게 의존하는 경향을 완화하기 위한 개혁수단이 논의되고 있다. 그러한 개혁수단에는 형벌제도의 개혁, 범죄예방 노력, 범죄자의 재사회화의 강조뿐만 아니라 사면권을 강력하게 행사하는 방안이 포함된다. 그러나 우리의 경우 사면권 행사의 현실을 보면 미국의 경우와 사뭇 다르다. 변호인의 효과적인 조력을 충분히 받지 못한 빈곤한 형사피고인을 사면함으로써 형사사법정책의 결함을 보완한다거나 형 집행에 필요한 과도한 경비문제를 해결하기 위해 사면권이 행사된다기보다는 경제 살리기라는 명목으로 또는 최고 권력자의 측근 챙기기 용으로 사면권이 행사되는 경우가 많다는 문제점이 있다. 따라서 사면권이 남용되지 않도록 그 행사의 요건을 명확하고 엄격하게 제한할 필요성이 있다. 따라서 사면의 단행에서 오는 불신을 청산하여 헌법정신이 추구하고자 하는 사면제도 본래의 취지에 부합하도록 제도개선을 하여야 하는 것은 당면한 과제가 되고 있다. 이 과제해결을 위한 대안으로 세부적 사면 절차규정의 제도 개선이 되어야 한다고 본다. In case of a special pardon which successive Presidents in the Republic of Korea have acted, they have been insisting ‘the national harmony’ or ‘to revive of the economy’ ‘as an their moral duty. But They are being criticized that it is politically abused and misused. It has socially been a pending issue as well. It is the reason that a constitutional device or a legal basis is weak to restrict or restrain the authority against a president’s legal pardon. The pardon power is a deep rooted institution in American history, and clemency grants were a regular characteristic of the U.S. criminal justice system by the first half of the 20th century. The United States having more than two million people in jail has no peer in the world in the number of inmates. And most of the states spend a colossal amount of dollars each year to keep their corrections systems. In short, national resources are misspent to support prisoners serving long sentences. Recently, a lot of reformation plans have been proposed to reduce the number of prisoners, including reform of system of punishment, efforts of the prevention of crime emphasis upon correction or resocialization of offenders. Especially, the robust clemency system of state level is one of the reform measures to decrease the number of inmates. On the contrary, it is our practice to grant a pardon selectively to the heads of conglomerates who committed the wrong under the cloak of pro-business policies or the people close to the president. That is why Korea should limit the prerequisites of the pardon power by law. In conclusion, it is faced to clean distrust which comes from the excercise of the pardon and to improve a system to meet the original pardon system which the sprit of the Constitution pursuits. As a substitute, the regulations of specific procedures on the pardon must be improved for solving this task.
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고종민(Jong Min Ko),한원영(Won Young Han),김현태(Hyun Tae Kim),이영훈(Young Hoon Lee),최만수(Man Soo Choi),이병원(Byong Won Lee),신상욱(Sang Uk Shin),서정현(Jeong Hyun Seo),오기원(Ki Won Oh),윤홍태(Hong Tae Yun),전명기(Myeong Gi Jeon 한국육종학회 2016 한국육종학회지 Vol.48 No.3
A soybean cultivar for soy-paste, ‘Uram’, was developed from the cross between ‘Suwon190’ and ‘SS99244’ (Shinpaldal-2 X T243) by soybean breeding team at the National Institute of Crop Science (NICS) in 2010. A promising line, SS00232-B-B-3SSD-9-4-1-1, was selected and designated as the name of ‘Milyang188’. It was prominent and had good result from regional adaptation yield trials (RYT) in southern area of Korea for three years from 2008 to 2010 and released as the name of ‘Uram’. It has a determinate growth habit, white flower, gray pubescence, yellow seed coat, yellow hilum, spherical seed shape and large seed (25.8 grams per 100 seeds). ‘Uram’ was found to be resistant to bacterial pustule and soybean mosaic virus, the major soybean diseases in Korea. The lowest pod height of ‘Uram’ was 19cm and it will be able to reduce seed loss during mechanical harvesting. The average yield of ‘Uram’ is 3.27 ton per hectare in southern double cropping area. Through these results, ‘Uram’ is soybean cultivar that is favorable for mechanization harvesting, resistant to diseases and highly yield.
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서정현(Jeong Hyun Seo),한원영(Won Young Han),고종민(Jong Min Ko),백인열(In Youl Baek),이병원(Byong Won Lee),윤홍태(Hong Tai Yun),이영훈(Young Hoon Lee),신상욱(Sang Ouk Shin),오기원(Ki Won Oh),하태정(Tae Joung Ha),최만수(Man Soo Choi) 한국육종학회 2021 한국육종학회지 Vol.53 No.3
‘Cheongmiin’ is a green seed-coated soybean cultivar developed from a cross between ‘Cheongjakong’ and ‘Daemang’ in 2002. The F₁ and F₂ populations were grown for 2 years, and promising lines were selected based on the pedigree method from generations F₃ to F₅. Preliminary and advanced yield trials were conducted from 2009 to 2010, and regional yield trials (RYTs) were conducted in eightregions from 2011 to 2013. ‘Cheongmiin’ is a determinate soybean with white flowers, green cotyledons, and spherical green seeds. Theaverage flowering and maturing dates of ‘Cheongmiin’ were August 1st and October 22nd, respectively. In terms of quantitative characteristics,‘Cheongmiin’ has a larger seed size (34.3 g/100-seed weight) than that of ‘Cheongdu1ho’ (24.5 g/100-seed weight), and has also been shownto be tolerant to lodging and pod shattering in the field in RYTs and oven drying tests, respectively. Furthermore, ‘Cheongmiin’ has beenfound to be resistant to bacterial pustules in the field and soybean mosaic viruses (G5H and G6H strains) in inoculation tests. The meanyield of ‘Cheongmiin’ in the RYTs was 272 kg/10 a, which was 4% higher than that of ‘Cheongdu1ho’. Given its large seed size and seedcoat color, ‘Cheongmiin’ is expected to be highly useful for cooking with rice and for the preparation of rice cakes (Registration No. 7688).
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