사료중의 Cu 수준이 한우 거세우의 성장 및 도체특성에 미치는 영향

안병홍,조희웅,하경,Ahn, Byung-H.,Cho, H.W.,Ha, K. 한국축산학회 2005 한국축산학회지 Vol.47 No.4

한우 거세우에 대한 Cu의 급여효과를 규명하기 위하여 농후사료중의 Cu 수준을 사료 kg당 7 mg, 12 mg 또는 17 mg의 3개 처리구에 각 5두씩 계 15두를 공시하여 435일간 비육시험을 실시한 결과는 다음과 같다. 일당증체량은 비육전기, 비육중기 및 비육후기 전기간에 걸처 Cu 7mg, 12mg 또는 17 mg 급여구간에 차이가 없었고 비육 전기간 평균에서도 각각 0.75, 0.76, 0.75kg으로서 처리구간에 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 사료섭취량은 처리구간에 비육전기에는 9.21-9.64 kg, 비육중기에는 9.53-9.75kg, 비육후기에는 10.09-10.93 kg으로 비육시기별로 큰 차이가 없었고 비육전기간에는 9.86-10.21 kg으로 처리구간에 큰 차이가 없었다. 사료효율은 비육전기에는 11.08-11.72, 비육중기에는 13.60-14.34, 비육후기에는 14.01- 15.20으로 처리구간에 큰 차이는 없었고 비육전기간에서도 13.31-13.99로 처리간에 차이가 없었다. 한우 거세우에게 Cu를 급여하였을 때 도체율은 58.4-59.2%로 처리구간에 차이는 없었다. 육량등급중에서 등지방두께는 8.2-10.4 mm로 처리구간에 큰 차이는 없었다. 배최장근단면적은 대조구와 12 mg 및 17 mg 급여구가 각각 78.4, 82.2 및 79.8 $cm^2$로 처리구간에 차이는 없었다. 육량지수는 68.10-68.91로서 처리구간에 차이는 없었다. 육량등급은 모두 B 등급으로서 처리구간에 차이가 없었다. 육질등급에서 가장 중요한 요인인 근내지방도는 Cu 7mg, 12mg 또는 17mg 급여구가 각각 3.6, 4.8 및 4.2로서 12 mg 첨가구가 약간 높게 나타났으나 처리구간에 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 육색, 지방색, 조직감 그리고 성숙도 등에서도 Cu 첨가구간에 큰 차이가 없었다. 육질등급은 처리구간에 모두 1등급을 받았고 Cu 수준간에 차이가 없었다. 경제성분석 결과 조수익은 대조구에서는 두당 2,577,483원, Cu 12mg 급여구는 2,920,432원, Cu 17mg 급여구는 2,653,227원으로써 Cu 12 mg 급여구가 7mg 급여구에 비해 13.3%, 17 mg 급여구에 비해 10.1%가 높게 나타났다. 이상과 같은 결과들을 종합해 볼 때 한우 거세우에게 농후사료 중에 Cu를 사료 kg당 7, 12 또는 17 mg을 넣어 주었을 때 성장, 육량 및 육질등급에서는 처리간에 차이가 없었으나 경제성에서는 12 mg 급여구가 조수익이 높았다. This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of dietary copper levels on performance, carcass characteristics, and economical analysis in Hanwoo steers. Fifteen Hanwoo steers weighing about 300kg were randomly allotted into one of three treatments. The three treatments consisted of Control(7mg Cu/kg feed), TI(12mg Cu/kg feed) and TII(17mg Cu/kg feed). Copper was formulated with concentrate from copper sulfate($CuSO_4$) and animals were fed the diets supplemented with copper from 300kg untill about 630 kg of body weight. Dietary copper levels did not affect daily weight gain, feed intake and feed efficiency during the whole feeding period. Dressing percentage, rib eye area and backfat thickness were not different between animals fed the diets supplemented with copper. Animals fed the diets supplemented with copper received the same B grade in yield grade. Animals fed the diets supplemented with copper received same marbling score. Beef color, fat color, texture and maturity were not affected by Cu supplementation in diet. Animals received the same first grade between treatments in quality grade. Animals fed the diet supplemented with 12mg of copper per kg diet was higher in profit by 13.3% than animals fed the control diet. According to these results, it may be concluded that performance, yield and quality grade were not affected by the Cu levels of 7 to 17mg per kg feed but crude income was enhanced when Hanwoo steers were fed the diet containing 12mg Cu/kg feed.

맥주공장 폐수 활성오니의 사료적 가치에 관한 연구 1 . 맥주공장 활성오니의 화학적 조성

안병홍,한인규,윤덕진 ( B . H . Ahn,In K . Han,Doug Jin Yoon ) 한국축산학회 1979 한국축산학회지 Vol.21 No.5

This experiment was carried out to investigate the chemical composition of brewery`s activated sludge. The results obtained were as follows 1. 42.50% of crude protein on the air dried basis, 5.25% of crude fiber, 15.69% of crude ash and 2060㎉ of metabolizable energy per ㎏ were contained in brewery`s activated sludge. 2. Total amine acids content of brewery`s activated sludge was 42.24% and 99% of crude protein of brewery`s activated sludge was a true amino acid, and brewery`s activated sludge contained especially more methionine and threonine than those of soybean oil meal, vegetable origin protein feed. However, contents of lysine and isoleucine in brewery`s activated sludge was low in comparison with those of soybean oil meal. 3. In case of mineral content of brewery`s activated sludge, phosphorus, magnesium, copper and iron were plentifully included. However, calcium content in brewery`s activated aludge was very low.

고령토의 사료적가치에 관한 연구 2 . 고령토의 첨가수준이 병아리의 영양소이용율에 미치는 영향

안병홍,하정기,곽종형 ( B . H . Ahn,J . K . Ha,C . H . Kwack ) 한국축산학회 1979 한국축산학회지 Vol.21 No.4

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of kaolin supplementation from 1% to 6% on the nutrient utilization of egg type chickens of Babcock, The results obtained were as follows: 1. Dry matter utilization of chicken fed the different levels of kaolin was slightly improved as the levels of kaolin supplementation were hither, However, no statistical differences were found out on the dry matter utilization between treatments, 2. Crude protein utilization and nitrogen retention of chicken fed tire different levers of kaolin were significantly (P$lt;0.01) improved as the levels of kaolin supplementation were generally higher. Treatments supplemented with 5%, and 6% of kaolin had a higher crude protein utilization and nitrogen retention compared with those of other treatments. 3. NFE utilization was greatly (P$lt;0.01) improved and fat utilization was greatly (P$lt;0.01) decreased as the levels of kaolin supplementation were higher. 4. In general, crude fiber utilization was slightly improved as the levels of kaolin supplementation were higher, However it was found that there were a great differences between treatments.

닭의 단백질 및 에너지요구량 결정에 관한 연구 5 . 대추의 단백질 및 에너지 요구량 결정을 위한 연구

안병홍,한인규 ( B . H . Ahn,I . K . Han ) 한국축산학회 1982 한국축산학회지 Vol.24 No.6

This experiment was carried out to investigate the protein and energy requirements of egg type White Leghorn pullets. Three energy levels (2900, 2800, 2700㎉/㎏, ME) were employed and each energy level contained three protein levels of 14, 13, 12%. Feeding trial was conducted. The results obtained were as follows. 1. In the energy levels, body weight gain and feed efficiency of pullets improved progressively as the energy levels decreased but there were no significant differences among energy levels. Feed intake showed no significant differences among energy levels. 2. In the protein levels, body weight gain of pullets was significantly (P$lt;0.05) higher in the lower protein levels than in the higher protein levels. 13% and 12% protein levels were higher in the body weight gain than 14% protein level but no significant differences were found out between 13% and 12% protein levels. Feed intake was significantly (P$lt;0.05) higher in the 13% protein level than in the 14% and 12% protein levels but there were no differences between 14% and 12% protein levels. Feed efficiency improved with decreasing protein levels but there were no differences among protein levels. 3. Energy (ME) intake per bird per day ranged from 182㎉ to 197㎉ and was not affected by the protein levels but decreased significantly (P$lt;0.05) as the energy levels decreased. Energy intake (Y) of pullets was associated in a curvilinear manner with energy levels (X) of ration as shown in the following regression equation: y = -2554.4 + 1.8881 X - 0.0003239X² Protein intake per bird per day ranged from 8.13g to 9.47g and was not affected by the energy levels but decreased significantly (P$lt;0.0l) in the lower protein levels. Protein intake(Y) of pullets was associated in a curvilinear manner with the protein levels(X) of ration as shown in the following regression equation; Y = - 28.86 + 5.1469 X - 0.1721X² According to the above results, it is concluded that 2,700㎉ to 2,800㎉ energy(ME) levels and 12% to 13% protein levels would be suitable for optimal growth in egg type pullets.

닭의 단백질 및 에너지요구량 결정에 관한 연구 4 . 단백질 및 에너지수준이 중추의 영양소이용율 및 체조성에 미치는 영향

안병홍,한인규 ( B . H . Ahn,I . K . Han ) 한국축산학회 1982 한국축산학회지 Vol.24 No.6

This experiment was carried out to investigate the dietary protein and energy requirements of egg type growing chickens of Single Comb White Leghorn. Three energy levels (2900, 2800, 2700 ㎉/㎏, ME) were fed and each energy level was combined with one of the three protein levels of 17, 15, 13%. Digestion trial and slaughter analysis were conducted. The results obtained were as follows. 1. Utilization of dry matter and crude fat decreased numerically with decreasing levels of~energy but no significant differences were found among energy levels. Crude protein utilization increased progressively as the energy levels decreased without any statistical significance. Utilization of carbohydrate and energy improved significantly (p$lt;0.01) with increasing levels of energy. Utilization of carbohydrate (Y₁) and energy (Y₂) of growing chickens was found to be associated in a linear mode with the energy levels (X) of nation. A regression equation Y₁ = 37.389 + 0.01573X Y₂ = 19.002 + 0.01973X indicated that the maximum utilization of carbohydrate and energy occurred when the energy level was 2900 ㎉/㎏. 2. Utilization of dry matter, crude protein, carbohydrate and energy showed no significant differences among protein levels. Utilization of crude fat was significantly (p$lt;0.05) higher in the 17% protein diet than in diets of 13 and 15% protein. 3. Body composition of growing chickens was not greatly affected by the dietary energy levels. Body protein content of growing chickens decreased and body fat content increased numerically as the dietary protein levels decreased. Ash content was not affected by the dietary protein and energy levels. According to the above results, it is concluded that 15% protein and 2900 ㎉/㎏ of metabolizable energy would be adequate for optimal utilization of nutrients in growing chickens.

닭의 단백질 및 에너지요구량 결정에 관한 연구 3 . 중추의 단백질 및 에너지요구량 결정을 위한 연구

안병홍,한인규 ( B . H . Ahn,I . K . Han ) 한국축산학회 1982 한국축산학회지 Vol.24 No.6

This experiment was carried out to investigate the dietary protein and energy requirements of egg type growing chickens of Single Comb White Leghorn. Three levels of dietary energy (2900, 2800, 2700㎉/㎏, ME) were fed and each energy level was combined with one of the three protein levels of 17, 15, 13%. The results obtained were as follows. 1. In the energy levels, body weight gain and feed efficiency improved significantly (p$lt;0.01) higher in the 2900㎉ and 2800 ㎉ energy levels than in the 2700 ㎉ energy level. However, there were no significant differences between 2800 ㎉ and 2900 ㎉ energy levels. Feed intake showed no significant differences among energy levels. 2. In the protein levels, body gain and feed efficiency improved significantly (p$lt;0.01) higher in the 17% and 15% protein levels than in the 13% protein level. However, there were no significant differences between 17% and 15% protein levels. Feed intake was not significantly affected by protein levels. In the growing chickens, body weight gain and feed efficiency were more affected by protein levels than by energy levels. Body gain (Y₁) and feed efficiency (Y₂) of growing chickens were associated in a quadratic mode with the protein levels (X) of ration. Regression equations, Y₁ = -186.77 + 88.15X - 2.733X² Y₂ = 10.864 - 0.6888X + 0.0204X² indicated that the maximum body weight gain and feed efficiency occurred when the protein level was 15 %. 3. Energy (ME) intake per bird per day ranged from 147㎉ to 157㎉ and was not affected by protein levels but was slightly lower in the low energy levels. protein intake per bird per day ranged from 7.07g to 9.15g and was not affected by energy levels but was slightly lower in the low protein levels. According to the above results, it is concluded that protein level of 15% and energy levels of 2800㎉ to 2900㎉ would be adequate for optimal growth of growing chickens.

율무의 사료가치에 관한 연구 2 질소의 시비수준이 율무의 청예수량과 조성분 함량에 미치는 영향

안병홍,김병호,이병오 ( Beong Hong Ahn,Beong Ho Kim,Beong O Lee ) 한국축산학회 1976 한국축산학회지 Vol.18 No.2

To investigate the effect of the fertilization level of nitrogen on the grass height, green yield and chemical composition of Coix lacryma L., this experiment was carried out. The results obtained were as follow; 1. Grass height was 82-90㎝, 185-196㎝ and 186-201㎝ in the 2nd months and 3rd months after seeding and heading stage, respectively. Generally, the grass height increased as the fertilization level of nitrogen was increased. According to the cutting stage, grass height in the 3rd months after seeding and heading stage was higher (p$lt;0.05) than that in the 2nd cutting stage. 2. Green yield per 10 a. was 955-1835㎏, 3325-4608㎏ and 3815-5223㎏ in the 2nd months and 3rd months after seeding and heading stage, respectively. Green yield was greatly (p$lt;0.01) increased as the fertilization level of nitrogen was increased. According to the cutting stage, green yield in the 3rd months after seeding and heading stage was significantly (p$lt;0.01) higher than that in the 2nd months after seeding. 3. In the chemical composition on the dried basis, crude protein was 7.03-16.30% and the crude protein increased as the fertilization level of nitrogen was increased. According to cutting stage, the content of crude protein in the 3rd moths after seeding was lower than that in the 2nd months after seeding. The content of crude fiber was 26.42-37.21% and the crude fiber was not affected by the fertilization level of nitrogen. According to the cutting stage, the content of crude fiber in the 3rd months after seeding was 10% higher than that in the 2nd months after seeding. On the green basis, the content of crude protein was 1.76-3.10% and the crude protein was not affected by the fertilization level of nitrogen. According to the cutting stage, the content of crude protein in the 3rd months after seeding was lower than that in the 2nd months after seeding. The content of crude fiber was 5.02-8.93% and the crude fiber was not affected by the fertilization level of nitrogen.

계분의 사료가치에 관한 연구 1 . 육성돈에 대한 계분의 사료가치시험

안병홍,김윤환,안동원 ( Byung Hong Ahn,Yoon Hwan Kim,Dong Won Ahn ) 한국축산학회 1977 한국축산학회지 Vol.19 No.4

To investigate the nutritive value of dried poultry waste (DPW) in the growing pig ration, this experiment was carried out for 5 months from May 14, 1975 to October 13, 1975 employing 24 male pigs of Landrace × Birkshire crossbreed weighing an average of 16.7㎏. The level of dried poultry waste added to the growing pig rations was divided into 0, 10, 20, and 30%. The results obtained were as follow; 1. Average daily gain (ADG) of growing pig fed the rations added 0, 10, 20, and 30% of DPW was 597, 556, 553 and 491gm, respectively. Average daily gain of growing pig fed the rations supplemented 30% of DPM was significantly (P$lt;0.05) decreased compared with ADG of growing pig fed with the rations supplemented with 0, 10, and 20% of DPW. 2. Average daily feed intake (ADFI) of growing pig fed with the rations Containg 0, 10, 20, and 30% of DPW was 2290, 2295, 2366 and 2369gm, respectively. ADFI of growing pig fed with the rations Cotaining 20 and 30% of DPW was significantly (P$lt;0.05) higher than that of growing pigs fed with the rations containing, and 10% of DPW. Feed efficiency was progressively decreased as the level of DPW in the growing pig ration was increased. Feed efficiency of growing pig, fed with the ration containing 30% of DPW was significantly (P$lt;0.05) decreased in comparison with that of growing pigs fed with the rations containing, 0, 10, 20% of DPW. 3. In the economical analysis, feed cost required per ㎏ of body weight gain of pig fed with the rations containing 0, 10, 20 and 30% of DPW was 294, 291, 270, and 302 Won, respectively. Feed cost was decreased as the level of DPW was increased till the level of 20%. On the contrary feed cost was increased in the lot fed with 30% of DPW. 4. Date required 90㎏ of body weight after birth was progressively extended as the level of DPW was increased. The average date ranged from 180 to 190. Therefore, according to the results of this experiment, it was concluded that dried poultry waste was able to add till 20% in the growing pig ration.

닭의 단백질 및 에너지요구량 결정에 관한 연구 1 . 초생추의 단백질 및 에너지 요구량 결정을 위한 연구

안병홍,한인규 ( B . H . Ahn,I . K . Han ) 한국축산학회 1981 한국축산학회지 Vol.23 No.6

This experiment was carried out to investigate the dietary protein and energy requirements of egg type starting chickens of single comb white leghorn. Three dietary energy levels (2900, 2800, 2700㎉, ME/㎏) were employed and each energy level contained three protein levels of 20, 18, 16%. Feeding trial was conducted. The results obtained were as follows: 1. In the energy levels, body weight gain and feed efficiency improved significantly (p $lt; 0.01) higher in the energy level of 2900㎉ than in the energy levels of 2800 and 2700㎉. However, there were no significant differences between 2800㎉ and 2700㎉ levels. feed intake increased progressively with decreasing level of energy. However, there were no significant differences among energy levels. Feed efficiency (Y) of starting chickens was found to be associated in a curvilinear manner with the energy levels (X) of ration. A regression equation: Y = - 17.086 + 0.01489X - 0.000002784X² indicated that the maximum feed efficiency occurred when the energy level was 2900㎉/㎏. 2. In the protein levels, body gain and feed efficiency improved significantly (p $lt; 0.01) as the protein levels increased. Feed intake was significantly (p $lt; 0.01) lower in the 16% protein level than in the 20% and 18% protein levels. In the starting chickens, body weight gain, feed intake and feed efficiency were more affected by dietary protein levels than by dietary energy levels. Body gain (Y₁) and feed efficiency (Y₂) of starting chickens were associated in a curvilinear manner with the protein levels (X) of ration. A regression equation: Y₁= - 413.42 + 85.777X - 2.0613X² Y₂= 2.5251 + 0.08395X - 0.003854X² indicated that the maximum body gain and feed efficiency occurred when the protein level ranged from 18% to 20%. 3. Energy (ME) intake per bird per day ranged from 82 to 87㎉ and was slightly lower in the low energy and low protein levels. Protein intake per bird per day ranged from 4.73g to 6.05g. Protein intake was not affected by energy levels but was slightly lower in the low protein levels. According to the above results, it is concluded that protein levels of 18% to 20% and energy (ME) level of 2900㎉/㎏ would be suitable for optimal growth in starting chickens.

맥주공장 폐수 활성오니의 사료적 가치에 관한 연구 2 . 맥주공장 폐수 활성오니의 급여수준이 병아리의 성장율 및 영양소 이용율에 미치는 영향

안병홍,한인규 ( B . H . Ahn,In K . Han ) 한국축산학회 1979 한국축산학회지 Vol.21 No.5

This experiment was carried out to investigate the nutritive value of brewery`s activated sludge on the performance and nutrients utilization by egg type chicken of Babcock fed the different levels of sludge. Brewery`s activated sludge was substituted at 3, 6, 9 and 12% levels for soybean oil meal in experimental ration. The results obtained were as follows. 1) Body gain of chicken fed the different levels of sludge was decreased in proportion to increasing level of sludge. However, no statistical differences were found out between treatments. 2) Diet intake of chicken fed the different levels of sludge was significantly (P$lt;0.05) increased as the supplementation level of sludge in ration increased. 3) Feed conversion rate of chicken fed the different levels of sludge was high in proportion to increasing level of sludge in ration. However, there were no significant differences between treatments. 4) Utilization of dry matter of chicken fed the different levels of sludge was decreased as the level of sludge in ration increased. However, no statistical differences were found out between treatments. 5) Utilization of crude protein of chicken fed the different levels of sludge was significantly(P$lt;0.01) increased as the level of sludge was higher. Utilization of crude protein of control treatment and of sludge 3 treatment was higher than that of other treatments. 6) Utilization of crude ash of chicken fed the different levels of sludge was significantly(P$lt;0.05) decreased in proportion to increasing level of sludge in ration. 7) Utilization of NFE of chicken fed the different levels of sludge was slightly decreased in proportion to increasing level of sludge in ration. However, no statistical differences were found out between treatment. Therefore according to this experiment, it may be concluded that brewery`s activated sludge can be supplemented with chicken ration( for egg type, Babcock) by 6 - 9%.