대전ㆍ충청 지역 초ㆍ중학교 급식의 나트륨, 칼륨 함량 및 섭취량 조사

이은미(Eun Mi Lee),박유경(You Gyoung Park),정우영(Woo Young Jung),김미라(Mi Ra Kim),서은채(Eun Chae Seo),정래석(Rae Seok Jung),나미애(Mi Ae Na),이진하(Jin Ha Lee),허옥순(Ok Soon Heo) 동아시아식생활학회 2010 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.20 No.6

This study was conducted as a nationwide project in order to obtain data on the content and intake of sodium in school meals. For this purpose, we selected two elementary and two middle schools in Daejeon as well as four elementary schools in the Chungcheong area. We measured the sodium and potassium contents of 842 dishes as well as their intake levels over 154 days. Sodium content was analyzed using an AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrometer). The average meal intakes of second and fifth grade elementary school students were 244 g/meal and 304 g/meal, respectively. The meal intake of middle school students was 401 g/meal. Boys tended to eat slightly more than did girls, and students tended to eat more in the spring than in the summer. The average sodium intake per meal was 642 ㎎ (570 ㎎ by elementary school students, 1068 ㎎ by middle school students), which was 32.1% of the UL (Tolerable Upper Intake Level, 2,000 ㎎ per day) according to the KDRIs (Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans). The sodium intake per meal was not significantly differ between boys and girls or between spring and summer (p>0.05). This study provides fundamental data that can be used to establishment a nutrition policy concerning the adequate content of sodium in school meals.

시판 농산물의 dithiocarbamates 분석

김희연(Hee-Yun Kim),최희주(Hee-Ju Choi),엄지윤(Ji-Yoon Eom),서은채(Eun-Chae Seo),최승희(Sung-Hee Choi),정소영(So-Young Cheong),최선희(Sun-Hee Choi),이화정(Hwa-Jeong Lee),최재천(Jae-Chun Choi) 한국식품과학회 2010 한국식품과학회지 Vol.42 No.1

HPLC/APCI-MS에 의한 dithiocarbamate계 분석법을 확립하고 아울러 국내에서 dithiocarbamate계 농약이 사용되는 쌀, 배추, 사과 등 20종 농산물에 대해 잔류실태를 조사한 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같았다. Dithiocarbamate계 농약 검출건수는 복숭아가 10건 중 3건(30%), 고추가 14건 중 7건(50%), 양파가 12건 중 4건(33.3%), 포도가 12건 중 8건(66.7%), 토마토가 17건 중 7건(41.2%), 감자가 14건 중 4건(28.6%), 구기자가 10건 중 9건(90%), 수박이 10건 중 6건(60%), 양배추가 11건 중 8건(72.7%), 배추가 10건 중 7건(70%), 당근이 12건 중 6건(50%), 오이가 13건 중 8건(61.5%), 쌀이 13건 중 6건(46.2%), 감귤이 11건 중 8건(72.7%), 메론이 16건 중 5건(31.3%), 감이 10건 중 1건(10%), 인삼이 11건 중 1건(9.1%), 대두가 10건 중 2건(20%)으로 100건의 시료에서 42.4%의 검출율을 보였으나 사과와 배 각 10건의 시료에서는 검출되지 않았다. 이 중 기준치를 초과한 농산물은 건 구기자 3건이었으나 기준규격을 설정하여 관리되고 있다. To revise the dithiocarbamates residue analysis method and survey the residues in agricultural products that were treated with these fungicides in Korea, we purchased 20 types of foodstuffs (rice, potato, cabbage, apple etc.) from markets in five major cities. 236 samples of the purchased foodstuffs were then analyzed for the presence of dithiocarbamates by HPLC/UV and HPLC/APCI-MS. The R², LOD and LOQ in the range of 0.5-107.3 mg/L were as follows: DCC: y=174.34x+18.315, R²=0.9999, 0.01 mg/L, and 0.04 mg/L; EBDC: y=227.38x?14.715, R²=1.0000, 0.01mg/L and 0.02 mg/L; PBDC: y=38.46x?21.412, R²=0.9999, 0.04 mg/L, and 0.1 mg/L; ETU: y=52.752x?4.4819, R²=0.9?998, 0.02 mg/L and 0.03 mg/L; PTU: y=128.28x+4.4624, R²=0.9998, 0.02 mg/L, and 0.04 mg/L. The levels of DDC, EBDC, PBDC, ETU and PTU in 20 agricultural products fortified to 10.0-107.3 mg/L ranged from 61.7-117.5%, 65.3-110.1%, 61.5-109.6%, 69.3-116.3% and 70.2-97.2%, respectively. Overall, dithiocarbamates were detected in 100 samples and the detection ratio was 42.4%. Among these, only 3 samples (1.3%) of Lycii fructus had residue levels that were above the action limits, while the remaining samples (233 samples) contained levels of dithiocarbamates below the detection limit or below the Korea MRLs (Maximum Residue Limits).

지역특산품 중 잔류농약 실태조사

김미라(Kim Mi Ra),나미애(Na Mi Ae),정우영(Jung Woo Young),김창수(Kim Chang Soo),선남규(Sun NamKyu),서은채(Seo Eun Chae),이은미(Lee Eun Mi),박유경(Park You-Gyoung),변정아(Byun Jung Ah),엄준호(Eom Joon Ho),정래석(Jung Rae Seok),이진하(Lee 한국농약과학회 2008 농약과학회지 Vol.12 No.4

This experiment was carried out to analyze for pesticide residues in 17 different types of the special products of geographical indication. We purchased 3 cereal grains. nuts and seeds, 3 fruits. 8 vegetables, mushrooms and other plants (Korean medicines) mainly at the agricultural cooperative's joints markets. Total 209 pesticides including multi-analysed pesticides (204) and single-analysed pesticides (5 ; acephate, methamidophos, monocrotophos, omethoate, vamidothion) were analysed with a GC/MS/MS, an HPLC/UVD (PDA) and a GC/FPD. No. 83 method and single-analysed method (Screening of multi-pesticide residue in the special products of geographical indication) of Korea Food Code was selected for validation in recovery and interferences of matrice. The results were as follows: among the selected 17 the special products, the residual pesticides were detected in 8 types of the special products (40 in 302 samples, detection ratio; 13.2%). All of the samples were not detected over MRLs, but tebuconazole, procymidone and isoprothioran were detected with considerable high frequency. These results could be used as KFDA official methods for the analysis of pesticide residues in foods and reference data will be provided to the related institutions.

서울지역 유통판매 중인 즉석섭취ㆍ편의식품의 위해 미생물 오염도 조사

김희연(Hee-Yun Kim),오선우(Seon-Woo Oh),정소영(So-Young Chung),최선희(Seon-Hee Choi),이지원(Ji-Won Lee),양지연(Ji-Yeon Yang),서은채(Eun-Chae Seo),김용훈(Yong-Hoon Kim),박희옥(Hee-Ok Park),양철용(Cheul-Young Yang),하상철(Sang-Chul Ha) 한국식품과학회 2011 한국식품과학회지 Vol.43 No.1

국내에 유통되고 있는 즉석섭취ㆍ편의식품에 대한 미생물 모니터링 검사를 실시하고자 식품품목별로 일반세균수, E. coli 정성 및 정량, S. aureus 정량, B. cereus group 정량, L. monocytogenes 정성 및 정량검사를 실시하였다. 즉석섭취ㆍ편의식품은 해산물함유, 육류함유, 빵류, 밥류, 샐러드류, 신선편의식품류로 유형을 분류하고 식품군별 미생물 오염도를 비교분석하였다. 일반 세균수에서는 대부분 3-5 log CFU/g의 오염분포를 보였으며, 가장 높은 오염도와 유의적인 차이를 보이면서 가장 높은 평균값(4.4 log CFU/g이상)를 보인 품목은 빵류, 밥류와 신선편의식품이었다. E. coli는 밥류 2건에서 식품기준 및 규격을 초과하였으며, S. aureus은 해산물함유 1건 및 빵류 1건에서 식품공전 기준 및 규격 이상을 초과하여 이들 식품군들의 식품위생관리가 더 요구되는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과를 종합해 보면, 식중독균은 계절에 상관없이 E. coli, S. aureus 및 B. cereus group의 오염도를 꾸준히 보이고 있으며, 즉석섭취ㆍ편의식품의 미생물오염 관리는 계절에 상관없이 개인위생 및 환경위생에 지속적인 관리가 필요한 것으로 사료된다. 또한 즉석섭취ㆍ편의식품의 미생물적 안전성확보를 위해서는 제조업체의 생산단계부터 사용재료에 대한 정확한 분석, 운반과정에 대한 관리, 제조 및 유통단계에서의 위생관리 등 전반적인 위생관리가 적용되어할 것으로 판단된다. This study was carried out to examine microbiological contamination of ready-to-eat products and to propose a draft-standard and specifications according to food types. RTE foods were classified into 6 groups including fish products, meat products, breads, rices, salads, and fresh cut foods. The prevalence rates of pathogens detected from all samples were compared among food categories. The pH ranges for all RTE samples were between 3.8 and 7.3. Total aerobic cell counts ranged from 2 to 6 log CFU/g. Bread, rice and fresh-cut foods showed significantly higher counts, which ranged above 4.0 log CFU/g among the samples. Two kinds of rice were above the level of the KFDA Food Code standard for Eschrichia coli. The prevalence rate of E. coli in the rice was 6.7%. For Staphylococcus aureus, one fish product and one bread-product had levels above 2 log CFU/g. Bacillus cereus counts for all samples were below the level of 3 log CFU/g. Listeria monocytogenes was not detected in the samples. Therefore, these data suggest that the primary microbial hazard factors for ready-to-eat foods and risk assessments should focus on E. coli, S. aureus, and B. cereus.

HPLC-UVD를 이용한 농산물 중 스피노사드 분석법 개선 및 잔류실태 조사

김희연(Hee Yun Kim),최선희(Sun Hee Choi),정소영(So Young Chung),최희주(Hee Ju Choi),김용훈(Yong Hoon Kim),조민자(Min Ja Cho),서은채(Eun Chae Seo),한경진(Kyoung Jin Han,),최재천(Jae Chun Choi),박희옥(Hee Ok Park),하상철(Sang Chul Ha) 한국식품과학회 2011 한국식품과학회지 Vol.43 No.2

본 연구는 단성분 농약 중 스피노사드의 잔류실태를 조사하기 위하여 식품공전의 스피노사드 분석법을 농산물에 적용되도록 개선하고 개선된 시험법으로 잔류실태조사가 부족한 스피노사드에 대한 잔류실태를 조사하였다. 국내 유통 중인 16종의 농산물 304건에 대한 스피노사드 잔류량을 조사한 결과 모든 검체에서 검량한계 이상 검출 되지 않았다. 스피노사드 시험법의 회수율은 현미, 강낭콩, 오렌지, 들깻잎, 표고버섯에서 스피노사드 A의 경우 0.05 mg/kg 수준에 각각 76.2, 95.3, 83.5, 79.9, 98.6%이고, 0.25 mg/kg 수준에 각각 97.3, 86.6, 84.4, 94.0, 88.1%이고, 스피노사드 D의 경우 0.05 mg/kg 수준에 각각 76.6, 104.0, 88.9, 74.9, 81.1%이고, 0.25 mg/kg 수준에 각각 92.7, 97.7, 86.9, 90.4, 85.4%였으며 검출한계 0.001 mg/kg, 검량한계 0.005 mg/kg이다. 회수율에 대한 모든 표준편차는 10% 미만이다. 스피노사드 A와 D는 0.1-5.0 mg/kg 범위에서 상관계수(r<SUP>2</SUP>) 0.9999 이상의 높은 직선성을 보이고, 검출한계는 0.001 mg/kg, 검량한계는 0.005 mg/kg이었다. The purpose of this study was to develop a methodology to detect spinosad which are difficult to analyze by multi-component simultaneous analysis of pesticide residues. We monitored spinosad due to the paucity of related information. The spinosad was determined using HPLC with UV detector at 250 nm. Correlation coefficient (r<SUP>2</SUP>) for standard curve of spinosad A and D at standard concentration of 0.1-5.0 mg/kg were 0.999, respectively. Limit of quantitation (LOQ) of HPLC analysis was 0.005 mg/kg while limit of detection (LOD) was 0.001 mg/kg. Recovery experiments were conducted on five representative agricultural products to validate the analytical method. The recovery of proposed methods ranged from 74.9% to 104.0% and relative standard deviations were less than 10%. Spinosad residues were investigated in 16 commodities collected from 22 provinces. In this study, residues on all samples were not detected.