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[특집] 서양지도에 나타난 제주의 모습과 그 명칭에 관한 연구
박대헌(Dae Heon Bak) 제주학회 2001 濟州島硏究 Vol.19 No.-
Our country has been known to the west by the French, Guillaume de Rubruck for the first time in his book, called Itinerarium fratris William de Rubruquis de ordine fratrum Minorum. The features seemingly looked like Korea first appeared on Lopo Homens map in 1554 and the name of our country was first recorded on Vaz Dourados map in 1568. The westerner who visited our country for the first time was Spanish missionary, G de Cespedes in December, 1593 in the midst of Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592. After that, in August, 1653, a Dutch ship called Sperwer was washed up on the shore of Jeju island due to a storm and 36 people including H. Hamel landed on Jeju for the first time as a westerner. Meanwhile, the feature looked like Korea first appeared on China by J. Blaeu in 1635. At that time, the map was marked as I. de Ladrones and it is partly because the westerner couldnt realize the existence of Jeju island. In 1655 on M. Martinios Novus Atlas Sinensis, the name of Jeju island was recorded as I. Fungma which means island with many horses and in Journal van de ongeluckighie Voyagie vant Jacht de Sperwer van Batavia ghedestineert na Tayowan int Jaer 1653 by H. Hamel in 1668, Quelpaerts was used for the name of Jeju. Later on, Fungma and Quelpaerts were known to be the name of Jeju on the western map and in the middle of 19th century Fungma disappeared and only Quelpaerts remained. The name, Jeju, was first shown in Nouvel Atlas de Chine by D Anville in 1737 and it was pronounced as Kitcheou which is the Chinese pronunciation of Jeju. Also, the maps influenced by this name were found occasionally and later, in the 20th century, Quelpaerts disappeared gradually and the name Jeju was settled. In this study, the relation between Korea and the west from the middle of 13th century to the early 20th century and their view toward Jeju island were examined through the investigation of the western maps. Particularly, the feature of Jeju island on the western maps and its name were compared chronologically to analyze the process of change. The study related to this is Western Books on Korea written by myself and the fundamental knowledge was provided. These are the books on Joseon Dynasty written by the western missionaries, explorers, soldiers and scholars based on their investigation and researches from 1655 until 1949 for roughly 300 years. And there are 261 wood-block printed books and 287 books of 188 kinds in the bibliography. Accordingly, we can get sufficient amount of information on the exchange between Jeju and the west from these books. As for the material for the subject of this study, 59 kinds of maps on Jeju island produced in the west from 1655 to 1904 were introduced. and most of these materials were owned by Youngwol Book Museum and selected from the exhibited lists of Ancient Korean maps drawn in the west. In the collection of the materials and its selection, the authors subjective view was involved to a degree and there must be considerable amount of materials which were not identified by the author.
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