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알코올사용과 의존에 미치는 유전적 영향:최근까지의 연구결과
노성원(盧聖元,Sungwon Roh),마츠시다 사치오(松下幸生,Sachio Matsushita),히구치 스스무(樋,口 進,Susumu Higuchi) 한국중독정신의학회 2008 중독정신의학 Vol.12 No.2
More than 100 studies have shown that alcohol dependence is a complex disorder that may be influenced by multiple polymorphisms of multiple genes. There is now abundant evidence for genetic influences on alcohol use and dependence. The over-all heritability of alcohol dependence has been estimated to be 50-60% with multiple genes each having a small effect. While genetics significantly contributes to elucidation of the mechanism of alcohol dependence, the role of the environment and of gene-environment interactions should not be ignored. Linkage approaches have been used to map chromosomal regions linked to alcohol use and dependence. Regions that can be confirmed include those on chromosome 1p, 4q close to the ADH gene cluster, 4p close to the GABA A receptor gene cluster, and 16p. These regions are definitely promising candidates for association stu-dies to identify narrower loci or single gene. Many genes have been suggested to possibly play roles in contributing to vulnerability to developing alcohol dependence. Yet, only two genes, ADH and ALDH2, have been identified as having defined effects on phenotypic variations in alcohol use and dependence. We, however, remain cautiously optimistic that current and novel methods of genetic analysis will add new genes to the list. Promising candidates include GABRA2 and CHRM2. Many genes combine to reach a threshold of clinical liability; therefore, no single gene is likely to be identified as the “alcoholism” gene. Nonetheless, neurobiological analyses of candidate genes will surely contribute to further understanding of the interindividual differences in risk and the cause of alcohol dependence.
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