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두보(Bo Tu)(涂,波) 한국정치사회연구소 2021 한국과 국제사회 Vol.5 No.3
中国进入到“习近平新时代中国特色社会主义”下的3.0版外交时期后,在实践中不断发展,尤其是2017年以来,3.0版中国外交政策继续有新的变化:一是强调了“周边外交方针”,并把“人类命运共同体”理念下的“一带一路”写进了《党章》;二是在《宪法》里增加了“坚持和平发展道路”、“坚持互利共赢开放战略”和“推动构建人类命运共同体”。除此之外,“亚洲新安全观”和“底线思维”等新的理念也逐渐在中国的外交实践中不断得到落实。在风云多变的国际社会里,不断有反全球化和反区域一体化的逆流出现,莫迪政府领导的印度就是一个例子。莫迪极力推行印度教民族主义,不仅在印度境内掀起了一轮又一轮宗教民族主义思潮,而且还外溢到了国际社会。尤其印度军方分别两次越境进入中国,制造了洞朗事件和加勒万河谷冲突,严重影响了中印两国关系,也给3.0版中国外交政策造成了严峻考验。本文着力研究了3.0版外交政策发展时期的重要理念是如何运用到对印度的外交博弈里,又是怎样既避免事态升级,又不卑不亢合理发声的。从结果上看,中国在洞朗事件上保持了高度克制,坚持通过谈判协商解决问题;在两次事件的中间期,中国积极推动首脑互动,努力寻求打造和平互利共赢的态势;而在加勒万河谷冲突时期,中国在坚持“底线思维”的同时,坚持和平发展道路。在今后,中国仍然需要坚持“新型大国关系”、“底线思维”和“亲诚惠容周边外交”等3.0版外交理念,在维护好中国核心利益的同时,尽力创造和维护良好的周边外交环境,以此来为国际社会的和平和发展做出贡献。 After entering the era of Xi Jinping administration, China s 3.0 version foreign policy has been continuously developing in practice. Especially since 2017, China s 3.0 version foreign policy continued to have new changes as follows: First, it emphasized the “Foreign Policy of Neighboring Countries” and put the “Belt and Road Initiative” into the Communist Party Constitution. Second, added “Adhering to the Path of Peaceful Development”, “Adhering to the Win-Win Strategy of Opening up” and “Promoting the Building of a Community with a Shared Future for Mankind” to China Constitution. Other than that, “New Concept of Asia Security” and “Bottom-line Thinking” also gradually are implemented in China s diplomatic practice. In the volatile international society, there have been upstreams against globalization and regional integration, of which Modi administration is one example. Modi pushed for Hindu nationalism, which not only set off drastically religious nationalism trend in the domestic, but also led to spillover into the international community. The Indian military respectively crossed the border into China and caused the Dong Lang Issue and the Galvan Valley Conflict. These issues seriously affected the relations between the two countries and challenged the implementation of China 3.0 version foreign policy. This paper focuses on how the important concepts in the 3.0 foreign policy were applied to the diplomatic practice against India, and how China avoided the escalation of the situation. From the paper, we can find that China maintained a high degree of restraint and insisted on solving the problem through negotiation and consultation in the Dong Lang Issue. In the interlude between the two issues, China actively promoted the interaction between two leaders and sought to build a momentum of peace and mutual benefit. In the Galvan Valley Conflict period, China stuck to the “Bottom-line Thinking” at well as adhered to the “Path of Peaceful Development”. China in the future will still need to adhere to these 3.0 version foreign concepts-- “the Great Power Relations”, “Bottom-line Thinking” and “Amity, Sincerity, Mutual Benefit and Inclusiveness in China s Neighborhood Diplomacy”. China will safeguard its core interests and maintain a good foreign environment in order to contribute to peace and development of the international society.
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두보(Bo Tu)(涂, 波) 한국국회학회 2022 한국과 세계 Vol.4 No.2
自金正恩成为北韩最高领导者后,北韩持续地进行了核试验并试射导弹,此举不仅加深了各利益相关国对韩半岛安全局势的担忧,还进而引发了一系列连锁效应。韩国在2017年也经历了朴槿惠政府因“崔顺实门”丑闻被弹劾下台,和共同民主党文在寅就任新总统等“大事件”。随着北韩在核问题上越走越远,原本志在继承和发扬“阳光政策”的文在寅新政府的安保外交立场在一定期间内也逐渐发生战略性变化,不仅加强了同美国的“传统”同盟关系,还在一定时期针对北韩在北核问题上的强硬态度,选择性地加强了韩美同盟和美日同盟的战略合作。但随后文在寅利用“平昌奥运会”的机会对北韩释放出了积极信号并获得了回应,两国拉开了以“平昌奥运会”为契机的南北对话序幕,扭转了南北关系的态势。本文以韩国安保外交的战略性变化对韩半岛的局势影响为研究目的,采取了文献研究方法进行分析。本文捕捉到了在北韩核导挑衅达到最高潮时,韩国文在寅政府安保外交政策出现了虽然短暂却明显的战略性变化。不过韩国认识到了单靠巩固军事同盟并不是解决韩半岛核问题的合理选项,转而加强对北韩的对话协商,带动韩半岛局势走向了缓和和对话,进而有望推动韩半岛实现最终的和平和繁荣。 After becoming North Korea s leader, Kim Jongen conducted nuclear tests and missile launches, which not only deepened the relevant countries’ concern about the security situation in the Korean peninsula, but also caused the South Korea to introduce THAAD system from the US, causing a series of knock-on effects. After going through Park Geunhae government’s “Choi Sunsil scandal”, Moon Jaein became the new president of South Korea. As North Korea walked to more extreme on the nuclear issue, Moon government, which originally wants to inherit and carry forward the Sunshine Policy , has gradually changed security strategic diplomatic stance by not only strengthening the traditional alliance with the United States, but also by discussing necessity of enhancing Korea-US and US-Japan alliance. However Moon government knew the “violence to violence” method might help improve the military deterrence against North Korea, but it’s not conductive to ease the situation. This paper adopted literature research method to analyze the influence of South Korea security diplomacy’s strategic change and its influence on the Korean Peninsula. South Korea realized that strengthening military alliance is not a rational choice, but insisting conversation and peace negotiation can find the way out of the dilemma. By doing this, South Korea performed a “sports diplomacy” to North Korea and brought Korea peninsula back to a relatively peaceful and consultative atmosphere.
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