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김옥재,도학수,윤한수 한국신종교학회 2005 신종교연구 Vol.13 No.-
1. Foundation Seongdeokdo(聖德道) was founded in 1952 by Mr. Kim Ok-Jae (religious name: Weolgeun 月根) and Mrs. Do Hak-Su (religious name: Beobhae 法海). The title of Mr. Kim in Seongdeokdo is Doju(道主), and Mrs. Do is Beobju(法主). `The principle of Heavenly Way`(天道之法) refers to `the three fundamental principles and the five moral disciplines in human relations` (三網五倫) and to the virtues of `benevolence, righteousness, propriety and wisdom`(仁義禮智). Human nature, which is fundamentally good, can overcome evil disposition with self-reflection and finally can find Bul(佛) in the self. Seongdeokdo is the great way purporting to save mankind by teaching these principles. 2. Founders 1) Doju (Co-founder) Mr. Kim Ok-Jae, entitled Doju, was born on Oct. 3, 1909 in lunar calender at Jujung-ri, Daedong-myeon, Gimhae-si, Gyeongsangnam-do. He is the eldest child among four sons and two daughters from Mr. Kim Heu-Heon and Mrs. Kweon. He grew up in a religious family and studied Chinese classics. He was eager to seek after truth, and started to cultivate mind and spirit after he met Mr. Kim Jae-Seong (pen name: Bongnam) from Jeju Island while suffering from a serious illness. While he was devoting himself to the cultivation of mind and practice and preaching to people throughout the country, he happened to meet Do Hak-Su in the city of Daegu. They co-founded Seongdeokdo based on `the way of mutual harmonization of yin and yang`(陰陽相生之道) for the salvation of mankind. The Doju, having produced many disciples, passed away at the age of 53 on March 4, 1960 in lunar calender and was buried in his hometown Gimhae. 2) Beobju (Co-founder) Mrs. Do Hak-Su, entitled Beobju, was born on November 26th, 1904 in lunar calender at Yesan-dong, Seongju-eup, Seongju-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do. She was the eldest child from Mr. Do Mun-Hwan and Mrs. Lee. She pursued learning under the care of stern but benevolent parents. She was married to a distinguished family from a Lee clan. But soon after the marriage her husband suffered from serious illness. While she was doing her best to cure her husband illness, she happened to meet Weolgeun and began to devote herself to cultivating her mind and sprit. Finally, she co-founded Seongdeokdo in accordance with `the Great and General Way of Heaven and Earth`(天地大公道). The Beobju, having produced many disciples, passed away at the age of 80 on the 20th of December, 1983 in lunar calender. 3. The Background of Foundation 1) Internal troubles and foreign powers overran Korea in modern times. After Japanese occupation, and even before the public order of the new nation was firmly settled, Korean War broke out in 1950 and drove many Koreans into poverty, diseases and fear. Disbelief, selfishness and intemperate introduction of foreign culture and institutions brought about the confusion of values. In general, social disorder and moral hazard were widespread throughout the country. 2) To restore public order and the innate goodness of human nature, and thereby to save the lives of people, the two co-founders single-mindedly practised asceticism without sleep nor rest, contemplating on human pains and living on only a bowl of cold water even in the hottest season. They preached that the principle of the great universe can be discovered in human nature, and that the restoration of the purity of mind may eventually lead to the moralization of the people all over the world 3) As they could not afford even simple commodities, they preserved records on the margins of newspaper or scrap pieces of paper and salvaged discarded clothes of the deceased. To enlighten the sick and poverty-stricken people, they preached that moral truth is the natural law and religious truth is to enhance conscience for virtuous mind. Furthermore, they established fundamental ethical system emphasizing that cultivation of moral code would result in material progress and that materialism alone would deterio
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